Bonding- Physical I

Question 1

ammonium ion

Answer 1

NH4+

Question 2

hydroxide ion

Answer 2

OH-

Question 3

nitrate ion

Answer 3

NO3-

Question 4

nitrite ion

Answer 4

NO2-

Question 4

hydrogencarbonate ion

Answer 4

HCO3-

Question 5

chlorate (I) ion

Answer 5

ClO-

Question 6

chlorate (V) ion

Answer 6

ClO3-

Question 7

carbonate ion

Answer 7

CO3^2-

Question 8

sulfate ion

Answer 8

SO4^2-

Question 9

sulfite ion

Answer 9

SO3^2-

Question 10

dichromate ion

Answer 10

Cr2O7^2-

Question 11

phosphate ion

Answer 11

PO4^3-

Question 12

define metallic bonding

Answer 12

strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 13

properties of metals

Answer 13

conductivity- good electrical and thermal conductors - as the sea of delocalised electrons helps to transfer energy though the metal

strength- strong=strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

malleable and ductile- hammered into shape and can be pulled into wires because layers of metal ions can slide over each other

MP’s + BP’s- stronger the metal- higher mp + bp

Question 14

define covalent bond

Answer 14

shared pair of electrons between two atoms

Question 15

macromolecules

Answer 15

carbon
silicon
silicon oxide

Question 16

define ionic bond

Answer 16

strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 17

properties of ionic compounds

Answer 17

high MP + BP
electrical conductivity
structural properties - brittle and shatter easily

Question 18

define co-ordinate bond

Answer 18

shared pair of electrons that have come from the same atom

Question 19

bonding pair repulsion

Answer 19

to minimise their repulsion the electron pairs repel as far as possible and equally

Question 20

define electronegativity

Answer 20

power/ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Question 21

across period 2 electronegativity increases because ….

Answer 21

number of protons increase
shielding stays the same
the ability to attract electrons in a covalent bond increases

Question 22

when does hydrogen bonding occur

Answer 22

strongest IMF
occurs between H bonded to (N,F,O) and the lone pair on the N, O, F atom on another molecule

Question 23

when does VdW bonding occur

Answer 23

weakest type of IMF
occurs between non-polar molecules

Question 24

when does PDD bonding occur

Answer 24

generally weaker than H bonding
occurs between polar molecules

Question 25

how does hydrogen bonding arise

Answer 25

there is a large difference in electronegativity between the F and H atom
creates a strong dipole between the F-H bond
the lone pair of electrons on F attracts the H delta+ on another molecule

Question 26

how does VdW bonding arise

Answer 26

random movement of electrons
creates an uneven distribution of electron density
this is a temporary dipole
this induces a dipole in another molecule
delta+ attracts delta- on another molecule

Question 27

how does PDD bonding arise

Answer 27

there is a difference in electronegativity between the H and Cl atoms
this creates a dipole/polar bond
dipoles don’t cancel out
Cl delta- attract H delta+ on another molecule