Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter Flashcards
(45 cards)
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid or gas
Describe a solid?
Fixed shape and volume, cannot be compressed.
Describe a liquid>
Liquids have a fixed volume but can flow and change their shape.
Describe a gas?
no fixed shape of volume and can be compressed easily
Describe the particles movement and distance from another in a solid?>
Particles in a solid are touching each other, in a fixed arrangement. they cannot move around but they do vibrate around their fixed positions.
Describe the particles movement and distance from another in a liquid.
Particles in a liquid are very close together but they can move past each other. Results in a constantly changing random arrangement of particles.
Describe the particles movement and distance from another in a solid?
Particles in a gas have on average much more space between them. They can move around at high speeds in any direction. They have random arrangement.
The pressure of a gas is caused by
particles colliding with the sides of the container, and the more frequent and energetic the collisions, the higher the pressure of the gas.
A solid turns into a liquid at its … point
melting
The hotter a solid is, the …. the particles vibrate.
faster
How does a solid become a liquid?
As the temperature increases, the particles begin to vibrate faster around their fixed positions. eventually the vibrations will become very strong that it will break free from neighboring particles. At this point the solid starts to melt and become a liquid.
A liquid becomes into a gas at its … point
boiling
Each change of state is …. meaning they are physical changes
reversible
Substances with higher melting points and boiling points have …. forces operating between their particles.
stronger
Energy transfers during changes of state. Explain the heating curve of a solid.
The temperature rises until the solids melting point. Then the temperature is constant until all the solid has melted. At its melting point enough energy is transferred from the surroundings to the solid for the forces to break. Enabling the particles to break. Once all solid has melted the transfer of energy from surroundings to the substance caused the temperature of the liquid to rise.
How can changes of state occur (condensing and freezing)
by cooling.
Explain how state can change with cooling.
Particles become closer together forming new particles, changing state.
What is a compound>
When atoms of two or more elements react chemically
What are ions?
When atoms either lose of gain electrons to formed charged particles.
What is a stable electronic structure?
One with a full outer shell
When non-metals react with metals, the non metals …. electrons to achieve the …
gain electrons to achieve the stable electronic structure.
If the atoms gains a electrons it becomes negatively charged because
there is one more negative electron than positive protons in the nucleas
When do ionic compounds form?
When metals react with non metals. Metals form positive ions and the non metals form negative ions.
What happens when a group 1 element reacts with a group 7 element.
We know group 1 have 1 electron on their outer most shell. They have to lose that and give that to group 7 which has 7 electrons in their outermost shell. Group 1 will become positively charged and group 7 will be negatively charged. They will have a stable electronic structire.
