Bonding, Structure and the Properties of Matter Flashcards
(21 cards)
What ions do metal atoms become?
positive ions as they loose electrons
What ions do non-metal atoms become?
negative ions as they gain electrons
What does ionic bonding take place between?
ions with opposite charges
What is the electron structure of ions formed by Groups 1,2,6 and 7 the same as?
the electron structure of the noble gases
(a full outer shell)
also known as a “stable electronic structure”
What is the charge of ions formed in Group 1?
1+
What is the charge of ions formed in Group 2?
2+
What is the charge of ions formed in Group 6?
2-
What is the charge of ions formed in Group 7?
1-
What do metals and non-metals form when they react together to form compounds?
ionic bonds
What holds ions together in ionic compounds?
electrostatic forces
What does ionic bonding involve?
the transfer of electrons from the outer shell of a metal to the outer shell of a non-metal atom
How can you represent ionic bonding?
dot and cross diagrams
What are ionic compounds?
giant structures of ions, held together in a lattice by electrostatic forces known as ionic bonds
How can ionic compounds be represented?
by models and diagrams
dot and cross diagrams
3D models
Ball and stick models
What are the limitations of dot and cross diagrams when representing ionic compounds?
they are useful for showing how ionic compounds are formed, but they don’t show the structure of the compound, the relative sizes of the ions or how they’re arranged
What are the limitations of 3D models when representing ionic compounds?
they showthe relative sizes of the ions, as well as the regular pattern in an ionic crystal but they only let you see the outer layer of the compound
What are the limitations of ball and stick models when representing ionic compounds?
they show the regular pattern in an ionic lattice, how the ions are arranged and they suggest that the crystal extends beyond the diagram
they may show the relative sizes of the ion but they are not always drawn to scale
they suggest that there are gaps between ions but in reality there aren’t
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
because of the strong electrostatic attraction between the ions as it takes large amounts of energy to overcome this attraction and break the many strong bonds
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water?
when they are solid they don’t conduct electricity as the ions are held in fixed positions
but when they are melted or dissolved the ions are free to move so can carry an electric charge
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
high melting and boiling point
most dissolve easily in water
don’t conduct electricity when solid, but do when melted or dissolved
What is the structure of sodium chloride?
they Na+ and Cl- ions are held together in a regular, cuboid-shaped lattice
