bonding, structure, and the properties of matter Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is an ion?
A charged particle
What is an ionic compound?
A structure of giant ions which are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
-Giant ionic lattice
-High melting and boiling points due to strong electrostatic forces which require a lot of energy to break
-Conduct electricity when molten/dissolved as ions are free to move and carry charge
What is an ionic bond?
A bond between a metal (which lose electrons) and a non-metal (which gain electrons)
What is a metallic bond?
A bond between metals
Why are metallic bonds strong?
The electrons on the outer shell are delocalised and therefore able to move around
What are the properties of metallic bonding?
- Giant structure of atoms with strong metallic bonding.
-High melting and boiling points.
-Good conductors of electricity as delocalised
electrons are free to move and can carry electrical charge.
-Good thermal conductors because energy is
transferred by delocalised electrons
What are the features of pure metals?
Organised in layeres so they are soft and bendable
What is an alloy?
A metal mixed with another element that distorts the layers so the layers cannot slide and it is strong
What are the properties of covalent bonds?
-Usually simple structures
-Gas or liquid at room temperature
-Weak intermolecular forces so requires little energy to break
Give examples of giant covalent carbon structures
-Diamonds
-Graphite
What is a fullerene?
Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes with hollow shapes
What is a carbon nanotube?
Cylindrical fullerenes with high length to diameter ratios which are used in nanotechnology, electronics, and materials.
What are the advantages of nanoparticles?
Medicine (cancer drug transporters in the body), electronics, deodorants, cosmetics, and catalysts
