bonds

Question 1

what are covalent bonds between

Answer 1

nonmetal and nonmetal

Question 1

how are covalent bonds formed

Answer 1

through sharing electrons

Question 2

how are ionic bonds formed

Answer 2

through transferring electrons

Question 3

what are ionic bonds between

Answer 3

nonmetal and metal

Question 4

what is a polar covalent bond

Answer 4

a bod where one end gets more electrons than the other

Question 5

which side of a polar covalent bond is negatively charged

Answer 5

the side with more electrons (greater electron density)

Question 6

which side of a polar covalent bond is positively charged

Answer 6

the side with less electrons

Question 7

what is electronegativity

Answer 7

the ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons to itself

Question 8

what happens to electronegativity as you go across the period

Answer 8

it increases

Question 9

what happens to electronegativity as you go down the group

Answer 9

it decreases

Question 10

what is a pure covalent

Answer 10

where the difference in electronegativity between bonded atoms is 0; there is equal sharing of atoms

Question 11

what type of bond is it if electronegativity difference is between 0.1 - 0.4

Answer 11

nonpolar covalent

Question 12

what type of bond is it if electronegativity difference is between 0.5 - 1.9

Answer 12

polar covalent

Question 13

what type of bond is it if electronegativity difference is at least 2.0

Answer 13

ionic

Question 14

what type of bond is it if electronegativity difference is = 0

Answer 14

pure covalent

Question 15

how to find polarity of bond

Answer 15

look at how far the elements in the bond are from each other on periodic table; if they are further from each other, they will have a greater electronegativity difference and will be more polar

Question 16

if elements in a bond are far away from each other on periodic table; what is their polarity

Answer 16

increased polarity; increased electronegativity difference

Question 17

if elements in a bond are close to each other on periodic table; what is their polarity

Answer 17

less polarity; less electronegativity difference

Question 18

what are bonding pairs

Answer 18

Electrons that are shared by atoms

Question 19

what are lone pairs

Answer 19

electrons that are not shared by atoms, but rather belong to only one of the particular atoms

Question 20

what is a single covalent bond

Answer 20

When two atoms share one pair of electrons

Question 21

what is a double covalent bond

Answer 21

When two atoms share two pairs of electrons

Question 22

what is a triple covalent bond

Answer 22

When two atoms share three pairs of electrons

Question 23

polar bond definition

Answer 23

two different elements with significant electronegativity difference between them

Question 24

What is a resonance structure

Answer 24

a set of two or more Lewis Structures that collectively describe the electronic bonding of a single polyatomic species including fractional bonds and fractional charges

Question 25

can resonance structures have different numbers of electrons?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What do better resonance structures have?

Answer 26

fewer formal charges; smaller formal charges; negative formal charge on the more electronegative atom

Question 27

what must formal charge of an ion add up to

Answer 27

the charge of the ion

Question 28

what must the formal charge of a neutrally charged molecule add up to

Answer 28

zero

Question 29

what is formula to find formal charge

Answer 29

(# of valence electrons) - [ (# of nonbonding electrons) + (½ x # of bonding electrons) ]

Question 30

what happens to bond strength as you go down a column

Answer 30

the bonds get weaker

Question 31

what happens to bond strength as you go across the period

Answer 31

the bonds get stronger

Question 32

the shorter the covalent bond, the _______ the bond

Answer 32

stronger

Question 33

the more electrons two atoms share, the _________ the covalent bond

Answer 33

stronger

Question 34

how is bond strength measured

Answer 34

bond strength is measured by how much energy must be added into the bond to break it in half

Question 35

how is bond length measured

Answer 35

Bond length is determined by measuring the distance between the nuclei of bonded atoms