Bone Flashcards

Question

Marrow tumours

Answer 1

Malignant: Ewing's tumour Myeloma

Answer 2

Most common cause of bone cancer Primaries: renal, thyroid, lung, prostate, breast Most common site: spine

Answer 3

Benign. Arise from osteoblasts 10-20 years. M>F. Typically small (<2cm), located around metaphysis of long bones Sx: localised progressive pain, made better with NSAIDs. Localised swelling, tenderness, limp. XR: small mass, radiolucent nidus with rim of reactive bone Rx: conservatively. serial imaging 4-6mnths. resolve spontaneously

Answer 4

``` Benign. Outgrowth from metaphysis covering with cartilagenous cap. 10-20 years. M>F. Sx: usually asymptomatic XR: pedunculate bony outgrowth Rx: conservatively. serial XRs 4-6mnths. ```

Answer 5

Benign. Arise from chondroblasts 20-50years. Commonly affecting long bones of hands, femur or humerus Sx: usually asymptomatic. Can present as pathological fracture XR: well circumscribed oval lucency with intact cortex Rx: depending on size and clinical features. Small risk of transformation into chrondrosarcoma

Answer 6

Benign. Arise from multinucleated giant cells and stroll cells 20-30years Usually affecting epiphysis of long bones Sx: pain, swelling, limitation of joint movement XR: eccentric lytic area, "soap bubble" appearance Rx: surgical resection w. bone grafting/recon

Answer 7

Malignant. Most common malignant primary bone tumour Bimodal age: 10-14, >65 (typically with Paget's disease). RF: Li-Fraumeni syndrome Most commonly at metaphysis of distal femur or proximal tibia Sx: localised contact pain. soft tissue mass. XR: medullary and cortical bone destruction. Significant perisoteal reactions ("Codman's triangle or "sunburst pattern") Tissue biospy required. Rx: aggressive surgical resection + chemo Mets: lung and bone

Answer 8

Malignant. Paeds. M>F. Arise from poorly differentiated neuroectodermal cells. Commonly affect diaphysis of long bones Sx: painful, enlarging mass. tenderness. XR: lytic lesion with periosteal reactions, layers of reactive bone "onion skin" appearance. Rx: neoadjuvant chemo + surgical excision

Answer 9

Malignant. Tumour of cartilage. Commonly primary lesions. Can be malignant change from benign chondromas 40-60 Axial skeleton (pelvis, shoulder, ribs) Sx: painful enlarging mass. XR: lytic lesions with calcification, cortical remodelling and endosteal scalloping Rx: wide en-bloc excision

Answer 10

Osteogenesis imperfecta Osteoporosis Rickets Osteomalacia

Answer 11

Abnormal synthesis of collagen from osteoblasts Sx: fragile bones, bone deformities, blue sclera Autosomal dominant

Answer 12

Reduction in bone density, reducing structural integrity. Osteoclast activity outweighing osteoblasts. Type 1: postmenopausal (decreased oestrogen) Type 2: senile (>70yrs) Type 3: secondary (co-existing disease, e.g. CKD)

Answer 13

Reduction in bone density, reducing structural integrity. Osteoclast activity outweighing osteoblasts. Type 1: postmenopausal (decreased oestrogen) Type 2: senile (>70yrs) Type 3: secondary (co-existing disease, e.g. CKD)

Answer 14

Vitamin D or Ca deficiency in children with growing bones | Osteoid mineralised poorly and remains pliable. Epiphyseal growth plates become distorted under weight of body

Answer 15

Vitamin D or Ca deficiency in children with growing bones | Osteoid mineralised poorly and remains pliable. Epiphyseal growth plates become distorted under weight of body

Answer 16

Vitamin D or Ca deficiency in adults with remodelling bones Osteoid laid down by osteoplasts is poorly mineralised leading to increasingly weak bones and increased susceptibility to fracture

Bone Flashcards

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