Bone

Question 0

Osteoblasts

Answer 0

Bone forming cells

- matrix synthesizing cell help build

Question 1

Periosteum

Answer 1

Outer edge around compact bone

• outer - fibrous layer
• inner - osteogenic layer

Question 2

Osteoclasts

Answer 2

Bone destroying cell and Absorb

- Can be bad

Question 3

Osteogenic cells

Answer 3

Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum that boost osteoblasts

Question 4

Endosteum

Answer 4

Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of bone

• contains osteoblasts / clasts
• covers within spongy, bone marrow between the trabeculae

Question 5

(( RED MARROW CAVITY ADULTS))

Answer 5

Top of bones

• humerous
• femur
• trabecular cavity

Question 12

Osteocytes - mature bone cells

Answer 12

• Keep things running in bone matrix

- Not building or breaking

Question 13

Diploë

Answer 13

Spongy

Question 14

Harversian system

- osteon - structural unit

Answer 14

Column like matrix

• run in different direction to prevent breaking ( collagen fibers )
• weight bearing
• lamellae

Question 15

Central ( haversian ) canal

Answer 15

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 16

Perforating ( volkmann ) canals

Answer 16

Right angled to central canal

- connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal

Question 17

Lacunae

Answer 17

Small cavity that contains osteocytes

Question 18

Canaliculi

Answer 18

Hair life canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

Question 19

Trabeculae

Answer 19

Lines of stress

• no osteons
• irregular arranged lamellae, osteocytes and Canaliculi
• capillaries in endosteum supply nutrients

Question 20

Osteoid

Answer 20

Organic bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts

• ground substance
• collagen fibers
• strength n flexibility

Question 21

Hydroxyapatites ( mineral salt )

Answer 21

65% bone mass
- calcium phosphate crystal
Resistance and hardness

Question 22

Osteogenesis (ossification)

Answer 22

Bone tissue formation
- stages
• bone formation - 2nd month
• postnatal bone growth - until adult
• body remodeling n repair- life long

Question 23

Two types of ossification

- intramembranous

Answer 23

Inside membrane

• fibrous
• flate bone

Question 24

Two types ossification

- endocondral

Answer 24

Cartilage - bone forms by rebalancing hyaline

• from most skeleton
• most break down

Question 25

Interstitial growth

Answer 25

Length of long bones

Question 26

Appositional growth

Answer 26

Thickness n remodeling by osteoblasts & clast on surface

Question 27

Epiphyseal

Answer 27

Resting zone 
-1- proliferation 
-2- hypertrophic 
-3- calcification 
-4- ossification 
Stymulated by growth hormones

Question 28

Testosterone - male

Estrogens - female

Answer 28

Promote adolescent growth

Question 29

Bone deposit

Answer 29

Occurs when bone is injured or needs strength

- needs protein, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,

Question 30

Bone resorption

Answer 30

Osteoclasts secrete ( if need calcium ) - lysosomal enzymes ( digest ) - acids ( convert)

Question 31

Control remodeling | - hormonal mechanisms

Answer 31

Maintain calcium | - homeostasis in blood

Question 32

Remodeling | - mechanical and gravitational force

Answer 32

Demand = more

Question 33

Comminuted

Answer 33

Bone fragments broke into 3 or more

Question 34

Compression

Answer 34

Bone is crushed

Question 35

Spiral

Answer 35

Break occurred when forced twist

Question 36

Epiphyseal

Answer 36

Epiphysis (top) seperated from diaphysis ( middle ) along plate

Question 37

Depressed

Answer 37

Broken bone is pressed inward

Question 38

Green stick

Answer 38

Incomplete break, only one side of shaft breaks

Question 39

Hematoma forms

Answer 39

Scab stops blood - torn vessels hemorrhage - clots form - swollen, and hurts

Question 40

Fibrocartilaginous

Answer 40

Phag cells clear debris - osteoblasts form spongy - fibroblast secretes fibers - mass repair ( FBC - callus)

Question 41

Bony callus

Answer 41

``` New trabeculae ( hard ) - continue until firm ```

Question 42

Bone remodeling

Answer 42

- response to mechanical stressor | - final looks like old

Question 43

Osteomalacia

Answer 43

- calcium salts don't deposit | ADULT

Question 44

Rickets

Answer 44

- bowed legs and other deformation - no vitamin D CHILD DISEASE

Question 45

Osteoporosis

Answer 45

Back - loss of bone mass - take more than put out - spongy is weak -

Question 46

Pagets disease

Answer 46

crazy - more breakage and building up then needed - p bone has high ratio to spongy n reduce minerals - unknown cause -

Question 47

Calcium used for :

Answer 47

- transmitting nerves - muscles contraction - blood caug ( stop bleeding) - secretion of gland ad blood cells - cell division

Question 48

Wolffs law

Answer 48

A bone grows or remodels In response to forces and demands

Question 49

Bone Fracture | 1.) position

Answer 49

- Non-displaced - ends stay the same | - displaced - ends are different

Question 50

Bone fracture | 2.) completeness of break

Answer 50

- Complete - all the way broke | - incomplete - not broke all the way

Question 51

Bone fracture | - 3.) orientation break of long axis of the bone

Answer 51

Linear - parellel | Transverse - perpendicular

Question 52

Bone fracture | -4.) weather penetration occurs

Answer 52

Compound - open | Simple - closed