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Oral Bio Quiz 4 > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is bone composed of?

A

Similar to dentin (but not anatomically)

HA overlaid on a collagen I scaffold

-67% - Inorgo - HA

-33% - Orgo
—28% - Collagen
—5% - Noncollagenous proteins

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2
Q

What are the non-collagenous proteins in bone?

A

Bone sialoprotein (BSP)

Osteopontin (OP)

Osteocalcin (OC)

Osteonectin (ON)

Matrix extracellular phophoglycoprotein

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3
Q

What 3 cell types are in bone?

A

Osteoclasts

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

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4
Q

What are 4 physiological roles of bone?

A

Structural

Ca2+ homeostasis

Reservoir for growth factors in tissue repair

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenitor cell populations in marrow

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5
Q

Calcitonin does what?

A

Removes Ca2+ from blood and put it into bone

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6
Q

PTH does what?

A

Takes Ca2+ from bone and puts it into blood

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7
Q

What is the macrostructure of bone?

A

Outer layer of dense, compact (cortical) bone, with an inner cavity

Inner cavity with marrow, red or yellow, and cancellous trabecular bone

HIGHLY VASCULAR

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8
Q

T/F - Cholera diarrhea disturbs Ca2+, drops significantly, and is pretty much plasma diarrhea.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What are the 3 organizational units of compact bone?

A

Circumferential - Outer ring of bone tissue

Concentric (osteonic) lamellae - Intact osteons

Interstitial lamellae - Fill space b/t concentric lamellae, former concentric lamellae

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10
Q

What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?

A

The osteoblasts

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11
Q

Look at slide 6. Picture of bone with labels

A

Do it

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12
Q

An osteon is formed from?

A

Concentric lamellae

Basically concentric rings of bone, built around a canal housing a capillary (Haversian Canals)

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13
Q

What links Haversian canals?

A

Volkmann canals

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14
Q

What heals faster, bone or cartilage?

A

Bone
-It is much, much more vascular than cartilage

Where there is blood, there is healing

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15
Q

Where is cancellous bone found?

A

Spongy bone

End of long bones, in apposition to jts and is associated w/ the marrow spaces

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16
Q

What does cancellous bone do?

A

Provides structure support for marrow tissues, highly vascular

Site of blood cell production, supports mesenchymal and hematopoietic progenitor cell populations

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17
Q

Layers of bone from outside in.

A

Periosteum

Outer Circumferential lamellae

Osteonic lamellae

Haversian canals

Inner circumferential lamellae

Endosteum

Marrow cavity with trabecular bone

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18
Q

How is the periosteum connected to the outer surface of bone?

A

SHARPEY’S FIBERS

Outer fibrous layer and inner layer in apposition to the bone surface

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19
Q

Which layer of the periosteum is highly cellular and vascularized, outer or inner?

A

Inner layer

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20
Q

What is endosteum?

A

Loose connective tissue covering the inner surface of both cancellous and compact bone

Separates the marrow from the bone

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21
Q

T/F - Volkmann’s canals connect osteons, while osteons are built around Haversian canals.

A

TRUE

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22
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Bone forming cells with MESENCHYMAL origin

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23
Q

What are osteocytes?

A

Bone cells

  • Encapsulated osteoblasts
  • Housed in osseous lacunae
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24
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Cells which break down bone tissue. HEMATOPOIETIC origin

25
Osteoblasts, clasts, and cytes are responsible for what?
Bone formation, repair, and maintenance
26
Tell me more about osteoblasts.
Mononucleated cells that synthesize osteoid matrix MESENCHYMAL origin (Ectomesenchymal in the head) Differentiate in response to a cascade of growth factors Bone formation and repair Communicate with each other via gap junctions, do NOT form complexes
27
T/F - Osteoblasts produce osteoid matrix similar to odontoblasts.
TRUE
28
Osteoblasts secrete what?
Collagen Non-collagenous proteins via vesicles Growth factors TGFbeta1, BMP2, IGF I and II, PDGF, FGF) Once bone is formed, they flatten and from bone lining cells
29
What are osteocytes?
Osteoblasts which have been embedded into the bone matrix They are the endgame of healthy osteoblasts
30
What do osteocytes occupy?
Lacunae in bone tissue Interact with each other
31
What are osteoclasts?
Fusion of monocytes HEMATOPOIETIC ORIGIN
32
What do osteoclasts do?
Resorption of bone Activated in inflammation -IL-1beta, TNFalpha Key marker —Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP)
33
How are osteoclasts attached to surface?
Integrin, cytoplasm adjacent to surface rich in talin, actin, and vinculin Form a ruffled border in apposition to bone Form resorption pits (Howship’s lacunae) -Secrete H+ ions and matrix degrading enzymes
34
What is osteoid?
Bone protein, unmineralized
35
What is the zone b/t Howship’s lacunae and intact bone?
Lamina limitans
36
Osteoblasts/osteoclasts are supplied by what?
Progenitor cell populations Differentiate in response to signaling cascades Also triggered by tissue damage, inflammation, repair signals
37
What is bone formation controlled by?
Complex interactions b/t osteoblasts and osteoclasts Balance b/t synthetic and resorptive signals Osteoblasts regulate osteoclast fx RANK-RANKL-OPG system
38
What is RANKL?
Receptor Activated Nuclear Factor kappaB Ligand *OSTEOBLASTS*
39
What is RANK?
Receptor Activated Nuclear Factor kappaB *OSTEOCLASTS*
40
What is OPG?
Osteoprotegerin *Produced by osteoblasts binds RANKL*
41
Bone development types.
Endochondral bone formation -Long bones Intramembranous ossification -Bones of the skull Sutural bone growth -Fusion of skull plates *These are not necessarily exclusive processes
42
What is the most important factor in ossification?
Vascular supply
43
Tell me about endochondral formation.
Bone formed on a hyaline cartilage pattern Condensation of mesenchymal cells into chondrocytes Collagen is secreted, mineralizes, and is broken down by chondroclasts —This allows for penetration of vasculature
44
With vasculature comes from ________ cells which differentiate into osteoblasts.
Mesenchymal
45
What makes up the primary spongiosa?
Bone matrix surrounds remaining mineralized collagen which forms mixed spicules
46
__________ gradually remove mineralized cartilage and develop marrow cavity.
Osteoclasts
47
Secondary growth centers from what?
Epiphyses of long bones | -Growth plates
48
*Tell me how PTH leads to resorption. THIS IS IMPORTANT*
PTH activates osteoblasts Osteoblasts express higher levels of RANKL RANK on Osteoclast binds to RANKL This leads to resorption
49
*Tell me about PTH and quiescence. THIS IS IMPORTANT*
PTH activates osteoblasts RANKL is blocked by OPG (OPG is produced by osteoblasts) OPG binds RANKL and competes with RANK This is a negative feedback loop This leads to quiescence *SLIDE 18*
50
Tell me about intramembranous formation.
Mesenchymal cells condense in fibrous CT, differentiating into osteoblasts and forming an ossification center Osteoid is secreted into the CT matrix and is penetrated by bvs -Rapid formation of mineralized woven bone Woven bone is remodeled into mature trabecular bone w/ a collar of cortical bone around it
51
Tell me about sutural bone growth.
Fusion of skull plates Sutures are fibrous CT bands b/t plates -Allows for internal expansion of organs Inner Cambrian layer associated with periosteum Outer capsular layers meet to join sutures together Gives the skull some “flex”
52
Children bone turnover ___-_____% of their bone per year.
30-100% Also addition to bone
53
T/F - Adult bone turnover - 5% cortical and 15% trabecular per year.
TRUE Mostly just remodeling
54
Most bone is formed around the _______, while it is mainly resorbed form the _______.
Periosteum Endosteum
55
What oversees bone remodeling and repair?
Cascade of factors | -Growth factors
56
What happens in remodeling of cortical bone?
Primary osteons replaced by secondary osteons, which are replaced by tertiary osteons Allows for bone growth
57
__________ resorb bone, leaving a space which is filled by trailing ___________.
Osteoclasts Osteoblasts
58
Osteoblasts create a _________ line (of what?) and lay new bone onto it.
Cement Non-collagenous proteins
59
T/F - Osteons must be first broken down to put a new osteon in that spot.
TRUE There is also a cutting cone v filling cone where the leading edge is the osteoclasts and trailed by osteoblasts

Oral Bio Quiz 4 (4 decks)

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