Bone

Question 1

bone

Answer 1

–a type of connective tissue

Question 2

functions of bone

Answer 2

1. support soft tissue
2. protect internal organs
3. assistance in body movement
4. mineral (calcium) storage
5. blood cell production
6. store energy in the form of adipose cells in the bone marrow

Question 3

cell types found in bone

Answer 3

1. Osteoprogenitor cells
2. Osteoblasts
3. Osteocytes
4. Osteoclasts

Question 4

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 4

–differentiate into osteoblasts

Question 5

Osteoblasts

Answer 5

• -Blasts Build up bone
• -Secrete collagen and organic compounds upon which bone is formed
• -incapable of mitosis
• -release matrix materials around themselves, become enveloped by the matrix, and differentiate into osteocytes

Question 6

osteocytes

Answer 6

• -Cytes break down bone
• -incapable of mitosis
• -exchange nutrients and waste materials with blood

Question 7

osteoclasts

Answer 7

• -Clasts break down bone

- -resorb bone matrix, releasing minerals back into the blood

Question 8

diaphysis

Answer 8

–the long shaft of a bone

Question 9

metaphysis

Answer 9

• -the end of a lone bone

- -each long bone has a metaphysis at each end

Question 10

epiphysis

Answer 10

• -the end of a long bone

- -each long bone has an epiphysis at each end

Question 11

epiphyseal plate

Answer 11

• -the sheet of cartilage between the metaphysis and epiphysis
• -the site of bone growth

Question 12

spongy bone

Answer 12

• -“trabecular” or “cancellous” bone
• -contains red bone marrow
• -site of red blood cell development

Question 13

compact bone

Answer 13

• -“cortical bone”
• -surrounds a hollow area inside the diaphysis, which holds yellow bone marrow
• -yellow marrow contains adipose cells for fat storage

Question 14

Regulation of bone growth

Answer 14

–Parathyroid hormone –> increased osteoclast activity –> calcium released into blood

Question 15

calcitonin

Answer 15

–hormone that stimulates osteoblasts to store excess calcium as bone

Question 16

bone types

Answer 16

1. long
2. short
3. flat
4. irregular

Question 17

long bones

Answer 17

• -have a shaft that is curved for strength

- -leg, arm, finger, and toe bones are examples

Question 18

short bones

Answer 18

• -roughly cuboidal in shape

- -ankle and wrist bones are examples

Question 19

flat bones

Answer 19

• -skull, sternum, ribs, shoulder blades

- -provide organ protection and large areas for muscle attachment

Question 20

irregular bone

Answer 20

• -irregular shape and variable amounts of compact and spongy bones
• -ossicles of the ear