Bone Anatomy

Question 0

Function of the skeletal system

Answer 0

Support 
Protection 
Movement 
Hemopoiesis 
Mineral storage
Balance and equilibrium

Question 1

Bone forms in response to

Answer 1

Heredity
Nutrition
Disease
Biochemical(hormones)-hyperthyroidism 
Stress-0 gravity vs exercise

Question 2

How many bones in the human body(not including sessamoid bones(small bones found within cartilage)

Answer 2

206

Question 3

How many bones engage in voluntary movement?

Answer 3

About 177

Question 4

How many axial bones?

Answer 4

80

Question 5

What are included in the axial bones?

Answer 5

head, facial, hyoid, auditory, trunk, ribs, and sternum.

Question 6

How many appendicular bones?

Answer 6

126

Question 7

List appendicular bones

Answer 7

arms, shoulders, wrist, hands, legs, hips, ankles and feet

Question 8

How are bones classified?

Answer 8

Shape

Question 9

Name the different classifications of bones

Answer 9

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Question 10

What percentage of bones are minerals?

Answer 10

50-60%

Question 11

What percentage of the bones are composed of water?

Answer 11

25-30%

Question 12

What percentage of bone is composed of organic matter?

Answer 12

10-20%

Question 13

What does the following describe: 95%, polypeptide chains, protein substance, extracted as glue) runs the length of the bone, most abundant protein in the body, withstands tension

Answer 13

Collagen

Question 14

What does the following describe: extracellular mateiral, space filler that inhibits calcification

Answer 14

Ground substance

Question 15

What does the following describe:
Most abundant mineral in the body
required for vascular contraction and vasodilation, muscle function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling and hormonal secretion; 99% of the body’s supply in bones and teeth

Answer 15

Calcium

Question 16

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 16

Compact and spongy/trabecular

Question 17

Thin tissue that lines the inner surface(medullary cavity) of all bones

Answer 17

Endosteum

Question 18

Membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones; contain cells that develop into osteoblasts

Answer 18

Periosteum

Question 19

Connects bone to periosteum; muscle attached to periosteum and tendon

Answer 19

Sharpey’s fibers

Question 20

Basic fundamental unit of compact bone

Answer 20

Haversian system(osteon)

Question 21

Resembling the growth rings of a tree these are circular plates of mineralized extracellular matrix of increasing diameter, surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal.

Answer 21

Concentric lamellae

Question 22

Small spaces which contain osteocyte between the concentric lamellae

Answer 22

Lacunae

Question 23

Radiating in all directions from the lacunae are these small channels which are filled with extracellular fluid.

Answer 23

Canaliculi

Question 24

Bone features

Answer 24

``` Diaphysis Epiphysis Periosteum Medullary cavity Endosteum Nutrient foramen ```

Question 25

Enters the compact bone at an oblique angle through a hole called the nutrient foramen

Answer 25

Nutrient artery

Question 26

Forms the tissue and minerals that give bone its strength

Answer 26

Osteoblast

Question 27

In bone marrow- absorbs and removes unwanted tissue

Answer 27

Osteoclast

Question 28

Helps maintain bone as living tissue

Answer 28

Osteocyte

Question 29

Name the different type of bone cells

Answer 29

Osteoblast Osteoclast Osteocyte Hematopoietic cells

Question 30

These produce blood cells

Answer 30

Hematopoietic cells

Question 31

What does the following describe? Produces RBC RBC hemolysis 500 billion/d At birth all is red Adults- yellow in medullary cavity, red in flat bones

Answer 31

Bone marrow

Question 32

Occurs along a template of membrane in flat bones(skull) w/o Haversian systems(sutures) Osteoblasts attach to membrane, ossifying from the center of the bone outward. Flat bones- skull scapula clavicle.

Answer 32

Intramembranous ossification

Question 33

Two types of embryonic bone formation

Answer 33

Intramembranous ossification | Endochondral ossification

Question 34

A cartilage model, surrounded by perichondrium, is produced by chondroblasts that become chondrocytes enclosed by cartilage matrix; the perichondrium of the diaphysis becomes the periosteum and a bone collar is produced. Internally the chondrocytes hypertrophy, and calcified cartilage is formed

Answer 34

Endochondral ossification

Question 35

This is a primary center of ossification in the formation of long bone

Answer 35

Diaphysis

Question 36

This is the secondary ossification center in the formation of long bone

Answer 36

Epiphysis

Question 37

The epiphysis is separated from the diaphysis by a layer of uncalcified cartilage called the --------, where all growth in bone length occurs.

Answer 37

Epiphyseal plate

Question 38

As long as epiphyseal disc is present bone --------

Answer 38

grows

Question 39

What age does a major closure of the epiphyseal disc occur?

Answer 39

17-19

Question 40

This is an irritation of the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity

Answer 40

Osgood Schlatters Disease

Question 41

Most common cause of heel pain in the growing athlete

Answer 41

Sever's disease

Question 42

A chronic disorder that can result in enlarged and misshapen bones

Answer 42

Paget's disease

Question 43

Most common type of bone disease; occurs when the bod fails to form enough new bone, when too much old bone is reabsorbed by the body or both.

Answer 43

Osteoporosis

Question 44

Combines isometric contraction and passive stretching

Answer 44

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNP)

Question 45

Three classifications of joints by function

Answer 45

Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis

Question 46

What are the three joint classifications by structure?

Answer 46

Fibrous Cartilagonous Synovial

Question 47

Freely movable joint that secretes fluid

Answer 47

Synovial

Question 48

Joint unites two bones by either fibro or hyaline

Answer 48

Cartilaginous

Question 49

Joint bound by fibrous connective tissue

Answer 49

Fibrous

Question 50

Cell formed from an osteogenic cell that participates in bone formation by secreting inorganic salts

Answer 50

Osteoblast

Question 51

Large, multinuclear cell that resorbs(destroys) bone matrix

Answer 51

Osteoclast

Question 52

Mature bone cell

Answer 52

Osteocyte

Question 53

Joint classified by movement with 2 deg of freedom; 1 plane

Answer 53

Uniaxial

Question 54

Joint classified by movement with 4 deg of freedom; 2 planes

Answer 54

Biaxial

Question 55

Describes the process of muscles on one side of a joint relaxing to accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint.

Answer 55

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 56

To examine by touch; the process of examining something or someone using your hand.

Answer 56

Palpation