Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microanatomy > Bone and Cartilage > Flashcards

Bone and Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cells involved in cartilage production?

A

Chondroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does cartilage receive oxygen and nutrients?

A

Long range diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the name of the compartments where chondrocytes are found?

A

Lacunae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What substances do chondroblasts produce?

A

Fibres and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic and Fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage located in the body (4 in total)

A

Articular surfaces of bone
Trachea and bronchus
Costal cartilages
Nasal cavity and nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is elastic cartilage located in the body (2 in total)

A

Pinna of external ear

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is fibrocartilage located in the body (4 in total)

A

Tendon insertions
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral discs
Articular menisci (knee joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of the CT capsule surrounding cartilage (absent in fibrocartilage)

A

Perichondrium - Dense regular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main function of hyaline cartilage?

A

Shock absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the main components of hyaline cartilage?

A

Collagen type II fibres embedded in a firm hydrated gel of proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main fibrous components of elastic cartilage?

A

Collagen type II and elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the structure of fibrocartilage?

A

Chondrocytes arranged in straight rows separated by collagen type I fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main function of fibrocartilage?

A

Combines tensile strength with shock absorption: Resists compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the main functions of bone (6 in total)

A
  1. Protects internal organs
  2. Stores and releases fat
  3. Produces blood cells
  4. Stores and releases nutrients
  5. Facilitates movement
  6. Supports body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What comprises the bone matrix?

A
  1. Collagen type I (95% of organic matrix)

2. Proteoglycan aggregates and specific glycoproteins (5% of organic matrix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What form is calcium bound to the bone matrix?

A

Calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals

Involved in the mineralisation of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three bone cells?

A
  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Osteocytes
  3. Osteoclasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the main function of osteoblasts?

A

Forms the bone matrix

20
Q

What is the main function of osteocytes?

A

Maintains the bone matrix

21
Q

What is the main function of osteoclasts?

A

Resorb bone

22
Q

Where are active osteoblasts required for?

A

Required before the osteoid material can be deposited

Osteoid is the unmineralised component of the bone

23
Q

What is the unmineralised component of bone?

A

Osteoid

24
Q

Where are osteoblasts located?

A

On the surfaces of bone tissue

25
Q

What is the progenitor cell of osteoblasts/osteocytes?

A

osteoprogenitor cell

26
Q

What is the name of the small channels that connect lacunae in bone?

A

Canaliculi

27
Q

What is the function of canaliculi?

A

Permit the flow of nutrients and oxygen through the bone matrix

28
Q

Where are osteocytes located?

A

In lacunae within the mineralised matrix

29
Q

How do osteoclasts resorb bone material?

A

They release enzymes such as collagenase and by dissolving calcium salt crystals

30
Q

From what cells are osteoclasts derived?

A

Monocyte phagocyte lineage

31
Q

Where are osteoclasts located?

A

Sit on the bone surface in depressions known as HOWSHIP’S LACUNAE

32
Q

What is a distinct feature of osteoclasts?

A

The cell surface in contact with bone is highly folded, forming a RUFFLED BORDER (increases the surface area for maximum bone resorption)

33
Q

What are the two types of bone?

A

Compact bone and spongy bone

34
Q

Give another name for compact bone

A

Cortical bone

35
Q

Give two other names for spongy bone

A

Trabecular or cancellous bone

36
Q

Describe the structure of compact bone

A

Dense areas without cavities

Collagen fibres are organised in concentric lamellae around a canal containing blood vessels and nerves. These are known as Osteons or a Haversian system

37
Q

Give two names for a unit (circle thing) in compact bone

A

Osteon

Haversian system

38
Q

What is in the centre of a Haversian system?

A

Haversian canal

39
Q

What passes though the Haversian canal in compact bone?

A

Blood vessels and nerve

40
Q

Describe the structure of spongy bone

A

Areas with numerous interconnecting cavities

Absent of osteons

41
Q

How is spongy bone organised?

A

Spongy bone is organised into plates of bone called trabeculae/spicules. The Lamella within the trabeculae are arranges concentrically with no central canal

42
Q

What is the connective tissue layer that surrounds bone

A

Periosteum

43
Q

What is the periosteum comprised of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue and osteoprogenitor cells

44
Q

What connects the periosteum to the underlying bone matrix?

A

Sharpey’s fibres (bundles of collagen fibres)

45
Q

What is the endosteum comprised of?

A

A single layer os osteoprogenitor cells and a very small amount of connective tissue

46
Q

What is the function of the periosteum and the endosteum?

A

To provide nutrients to the bone tissue and provision of new bone cells.

Microanatomy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions