Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2- MSK > Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours > Flashcards

Bone and Soft Tissue Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

How common are benign and malignant tumours of the skeleton?

A

Benign- extremely common
Malignant- rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If there is a bone tumour in a patient >50 yrs, what is the likely cause?

A

Metastasis from another tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour arising from connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How and where do sarcomas spread?

A

Spread along fascial planes Haematogenous spread to lungs
Rarely spread to lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the benign bone-forming tumours?

A

Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the malignant bone-forming tumours?

A

Osteosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do patients with begin bone-forming tumours often present?

A

Night pain which is relived by NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the benign cartillage-forming tumours?

A

Enchondroma
Osteochondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the malignant cartilage-forming tumours?

A

Chondrosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the benign fibrous tissue tumours?

A

Fibroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the malignant fibrous tissue tumours?

A

Fibrosarcoma
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the benign vascular tissue tumours?

A

Haemangioma
Aneurysmal bone cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the malignant vascular tissue tumours?

A

Angiosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the benign adipose tissue tumours?

A

Lipoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Okay so the lecturer said we are not expected to remember all the different types of tumours.

But what are the malignant adipose tissue tumours?

A

Liposarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bone marrow tumours tend to only be malignant. Give some examples.

A

Ewing’s sarcoma
Lymphoma
Myeloma

->okayyyy to recap, if it has sarcoma in it, it’s malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In which age group do bone marrow tumours tend to affect?

A

Children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in the UK?

A

Osteosarcoma

->even though most common, only affects 3 per million per yr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in:
a. younger patients
b. older patients

A

a. osteosarcoma
b. myeloma

20
Q

Presenting history of tumours?

A

Pain- need to be aware of this
Mass
Abnormal x-rays- incidental findings - often benign tumours found like this

21
Q

Describe pain caused by bone tumours

A

Activity related
Progressive at rest and at night

22
Q

How can benign tumours present?

A

May present with activity related pain if large enough to weaken bone

23
Q

When may a swelling be a tumour?

A

Rapidly growing
Hard, fixed, craggy surface
Indistinct margins
Non-tender to palpate but associated with deep ache, especially at night
Reoccurrence after previous excision

24
Q

Investigations for bone tumours?

A

X-rays

->also useful for synovial sarcomas as there is calcification

25
Q

How do benign tumours appear on x-ray?

A

Clear margins
Surrounding rim of reactive bone

->cortical expansion can occur with aggressive bone lesions

26
Q

How do malignant tumours of bone look on x-ray?

A

Cortical destruction
Less well defined zone of transition between lesion and normal bone

->if there is cortical destruction, it’s malignant

27
Q

When is CT useful for bone tumours?

A

Staging- primarily of lungs

Good for assessing osteoid osteomas and guiding surgery to remove (they are tiny and benign but cause a lot of pain)

28
Q

When are isotope bone scans useful for bone tumours?

A

Staging for skeletal metastasis as van show how many metastasis in one scan
Useful when there are multiple lesions

29
Q

What is the investigation of choice for primary bone tumours and primary soft tissue tumours?

A

MRI

30
Q

How can the type of tumour be determined?

A

Biopsy of the tumour

->all other investigations need to be done first though e.g. bloods, x-rays, MRI, bone scan and CT chest, abdo and pelvis

31
Q

What may treatment of bone tumours involve?

A

Chemo
Radiotherapy
Reconstruction

32
Q

Who is more likely to get an osteosarcoma?

A

Male>female
Aged 10-30

33
Q

Which bones are the majority of osteosarcomas seen?

A

Distal femur and proximal tibia

34
Q

Clinical features of bone tumours?

A

Pain- cardinal feature
Loss of function
Swelling
Joint effusion
Deformity
Systemic effects e.g. weight loss, malaise, temperature

->beware of returning patients with continuing pain!!

35
Q

What symptom would you be especially suspicious of in a child which could suggest a bone tumour?

A

Back pain or stiffness

36
Q

What can tumours cause to happen?

A

Pathological fractures

->these are fractures caused by very little activity but tend to occur in osteoporotic bone

37
Q

Investigations for osteosarcoma?

A

MRI

38
Q

Bone is the most common site for metastases after which other two sites?

A

Lung and liver

39
Q

For all secondary bone tumours which have metastasised, where are the most common sites?

A

Vertebrae > proximal femur > pelvis > ribs > sternum > skull

40
Q

What are the commonest primary cancers which spread to bone?

->apparently one of the most common questions relating to this the lecturer has seen

A

Lung
Breast
Prostate
Kidney
Thyroid
GIT
Melanoma

41
Q

Which scoring system can be used to assess the risk of pathological fractures from bone tumours?

A

Mirel’s Scoring System

42
Q

What is the most common soft tissue tumour?

A

Lipoma- will see hundreds over lifetime as a doctor

43
Q

When should you be suspicious that a lipoma is a liposarcoma?

A

When it gets greater than 5cm, after 5cm, the risks of it being malignant are a lot higher

44
Q

Symptoms of soft-tissue tumours?

A

Swelling or mass
Painless

45
Q

Primary investigation for soft tissue tumours?

A

MRI

46
Q
A

Year 2- MSK (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions