Bone definitions Flashcards
cortical bones
hard outer shell
trabecular bones
lacy inside portion of bone
gives up calcium when diet runs short
osteoporosis
bone mineral density greater than 2 SD below mean
osteopenia
BMD between 1 and 2.5 SD below the mean
Osteoclasts
break bones down carefully
osteoblasts
build bones up
why is osteoporosis higher in women
after menopause don’t absorb calcium as well
smaller bone density
type 1 osteoporosis vs type 2
50-70
postmenupausal
type 2 is senile 70+
extracellular calcium
blood clotting
blood pressure
intercellular Calcium
coenzyme for muscle contractions never impulses secrete hormones
Osteomalacia
softening of bones
Rickets
vitamin D deficiency
hydroxyapatite
calcium salts that form crystals in bones
rigor
high calcium ( not from diet) makes muscles tense not able to relax
tenany
low blood calcium ( not from diet )
uncontrollable muscle spasm
absorption rate of calcium ( not pregnant )
increased by/ decreased by ?
30%
increased by it D, anabolic hormones,low phosphate intake, gastric acid
decreased by phytates and oxalates, insoluble finer ageing low VIt D
RDA for Calcium
1000mg
UL- toxicy?
2500mg
consipation, kidenay stones, inhibit iron absorption and calcification in blood
How many times doe calico get hydroxylated to become activated?
twice, once in liver once in kidneys
calciol-> calcidiol-> calcitriol (active form )
Vitamin D essential ?
no
Calbindin
calcium binding protein that is made/ requires Vit D to be made
Vit D functions
-stimulates osteoclasts
bone calcification
immunity
assist calcium and p absorption
