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Forensic anthropology > Bone exam > Flashcards

Bone exam Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Clavicle

A

S shaped bone
Thicker end is medial
Flatter, wider end is lateral
Lateral end articulates with the scapula
medial end articulates with the sternum
Inferior surface is more irregular
Lateral end curves out towards the anterior

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2
Q

Scapula

A

Thinner than pelvic bones
Glenoid fossa: Socket joint which articulates with the humerus, lateral
Acromion: Process on the posterior side which points laterally
Coracoid process: Protrusion towards the anterior and curves laterally

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3
Q

Humerus

A

Largest arm bone
Medial epicondyle on distal end
Elecranon fossa, distal, posterior, articulates with the ulna
Bicipital groove, anterior, only visible from the front
Humeral head points medially
curves slightly laterally first then medially

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4
Q

Ulna

A

Has moon shaped articulatory shaped site with humerus
On medial side of the Radius
Radial notch sits on the proximal end on the lateral side
Smaller and more rounded than the Radius as distal end

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5
Q

Styloid process

A

Bony node at the distal end of the Radius
On the lateral side, more posterior

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6
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

Bony muscle attachment side at the proximal end of the radius
On the medial side

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7
Q

Radial notch

A

Bony node on the proximal end of the Ulna
Points laterally
Articulatory site with the radius

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8
Q

Medial epicondyle

A

Bony lump on the distal end of the Humerus
On medial side
Can be felt on the arm to side

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9
Q

Bicipital groove

A

Groove on the anterior side surface of the humerus
Only visible from the front

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10
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

Indentation on the distal end of the humerus
On the posterior side
Articulates with the ulna

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11
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

Socket joint on the lateral side of the scapula which articulates with the humerus

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12
Q

Coracoid process

A

Bony outcrop of the scapula which curves out anteriorly and then laterally, in front of shoulder joint
Rounder and smaller than acromion

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13
Q

acromion

A

Bony ridge on the posterior side of the scapula which directs laterally
Protrudes behind the shoulder
flatter than coracoid, articulates with clavicle

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14
Q

Radius

A

Flatter and wider at the distal end
Rounder and smaller at proximal end
Styloid process at distal end, bony process extends further on the lateral side - think stylus thumb points the correct side
Radial tuberosity - bony muscle attachment on the medial side towards proximal end
Lateral side of the Ulna

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15
Q

Femur

A

Femoral head - proximal end points medially
Linea aspera - bony ridge running down the posterior side, curves towards the lateral at both ends
Medial condyle - further extending side of the distal femur, medial
Lateral condyle - Less extending side of the distal femur - lateral
Lesser tronchanter - medial side, proximal
Greater tronchanter - lateral side, proximal

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16
Q

Linea aspera

A

Bony ridge on the posterior of the femur

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17
Q

Medial condyle

A

Further extending end of the distal femur

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18
Q

Lateral condyle

A

Less extending end of the distal end of the femur

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19
Q

Lesser tronchanter

A

Smaller bony process at the medial side of the proximal femur

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20
Q

Greater tronchanter

A

Larger bony process at the lateral side of proximal femur

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21
Q

Tibia

A

Smaller and more triangular than femur
Fibular tuberosity - bony outcrop on the anterior side towards proximal end
Angular ridge running down anterior surface (Shin bone)
Medial side of the distal end extends further down - medial malleolus
On medial side of the Fibula
More concave on the lateral
Nutrient foramen towards proximal, lateral posterior

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22
Q

Tibial tuberosity

A

Bony outcrop on the anterior side of the Tibia, towards the proximal end

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23
Q

Fibula

A

Smallest leg bone, more angular than radius
Lateral side of the Tibia
Articulates with Tibia on proximal end on the medial side
Articulates with the calcaneus on the distal on the medial side

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24
Q

Cervical vertibrae

A

The first 7 vertebrae
Smallest
C2 to C6 have bifid spinous process
C1 atlas, no vertebral body, articulates with axis
C2 axis, bony projection which articulates with atlas
Saddle shaped vertebral body

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25
Spinous process
Bony projection on the posterior of all vertebrae except C1 Bifid in C2 to C6 More down pointed in the thoracic vertebrae
26
Vertebral body
The bone body of each vertebrae Evident in all vertebrae apart from C1 Larger as you go down Cervical are more saddle shaped, more oval in Lumbar
27
Thoracic Vertebrae
T1 to T12 Articulate with the ribs so have costal facets More down tilted spinous process
28
Costal facet
Surface on each thoracic vertebrae where they articulate with the ribs
29
Lumbar vertebrae
L1 to L5 Largest vertebrae with oval vertebral body Short, strait spinous process
30
Medial malleolus
Distal end on the medial side of the tibia which extends further down
31
Nutrient foramen
On the lateral, posterial proximal side of the tibia, hole where blood is supplied to the bone
32
Lumbar vertebrae
Largest vertebrae, most robust Oval shaped vertebral body Short strait more square spinous process
33
Sacrum
5 fused vertebrae More concave in males, flatter in females If the articular surface with the pelvis extends past 2 vertebrae it is more likely male
34
Sternum
centre of chest manubrium - top part which articulates with the clavicles Sternal body - central portion Xiphoid process - bottom bony part
35
Manubrium
Top part of the sternum Articulates with clavicles
36
Xiphoid process
bottom part of the sternum
37
Ribs
12 pairs All articulate with thoracic vertebrae Costal groove on the inferior surface Superior surface - smoother and broader Inferior - sharper Tubercle, outcrop near the head which articulates with the transverse process of vertebrae, posterior Head articulates with costal facet
38
Illium
Large winged, most superior section of the pelvis Auricular surface - rough, ear shaped articulatory surface with the sacrum Sciatic notch - Curved cut out section on posterior, inferior ilium, wider in females
39
Iliac crest
Ridge on the superior part of ilium
40
Auricular surface
Rough, ear shaped surface where the ilium articulates with the sacrum
41
Sciatic notch
Curved inlet in the ilium which is wider in females
42
Ischium
Thickest part of the pelvis More smoothly curved than pubis On the inferior, posterior side of the pelvis
43
Pubis
Similarly curved to ischium but more angular On the inferior, anterior side of pelvis Medial side has articulatory surface with other pubis called the pubic symphysis
44
Pubic symphysis
articulatory surface where the two pubises meet
45
Acetabulum
Socket joint on the lateral side of pelvis Articulates with the femur
46
Parietal
Parietal - the upper sides and top of the cranium, above the temporal and behind frontal
47
Frontal
Upper front section of the cranium, forehead area
48
Temporal
Lower sides of the cranium where the ears are Mastoid process - bony process posterior to the ear canal, more pronounces in males Articulates with the mandibles at mandibular fossa
49
Occipital
Lower back section of the skull Articulates with the atlas Nuchal crest - bony process which is more pronounced in males
50
Mandibles
Lower jaws Articulates with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa More square in males
51
Zygomatic
Forms the cheek bone
52
Maxilla
Upper jaw bone
53
Nasal
Forms the base of the nose
54
Mastoid process
Bony process behind the ear on the temporal bone More pronounces in males
55
Nuchal crest
Outcrop on the occipital bone which is more pronounced in males
56
supraorbital margin
Upper ridge of the eye socket, larger and more rounded in males, sharper and less pronounced in females
57
Mandibular fossa
Depression where the mandibles articulate with the temporal bone
58
Cranium bones
Parietal Occipital temporal frontal nasal zygomatic mandible maxilla
59
Carpals
Rounded bones on the hand, articulate with the radius, ulna and metacrpals
60
Metacarpals
First of the finger bones Have a concave base and large rounded head, head is comparatively larger than metatarsals
61
Proximal phalanges (Hand)
Second finger bone concave base Rounded head with a double condyle structure Circular proximal end compared to D shaped in feet
62
Intermediate phalanges (Hand)
Third finger bone, not present in the thumb Concave base, double condyle structure at distal end Smaller and shorter than proximal phalanges Circular proximal end, D shaped in feet
63
Distal phalanges (Hand)
Smallest finger bone Concave base pointed end Longer and more slender in hand than feet
64
Calcaneus
Heel bone Articulates with the talus and other tarsals Bony projection to medial side
65
Talus
Forms the ankle joint Sits on top of the calcaneus, articulates with the tibia and fibula Articulates on all sides besides posterior and medial
66
Metatarsals
Concave D shaped base, rounded ball head More arched than metatarsals Smaller, more oval distal head than metacarpals
67
Proximal phalanges (Foot)
Shorter in foot than hand, appear wider Wider at proximal end, flatter than hand D shaped base, double condyle distal end
68
Intermediate phalanges (foot)
Significantly shorter than in hand, appear wider as shorter Much wider base so appear triangular
69
Tubercle
Protruding bony process where the ribs articulate with the transverse process of the vertebrae Slightly angled downward, protrudes slightly further at the top

Forensic anthropology (1 decks)

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