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Axial Skeleton > Bone Histology > Flashcards

Bone Histology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What does the skeletal system consists of?

A

• bones and joints

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2
Q

What are joints?

A

• connection point between two bones

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3
Q

What does the skeleton store?

A

• calcium

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4
Q

What is the formation of new blood cells called?

A

•hematopoiesis

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5
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

A

• bone marrow cavities

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6
Q

What is a bone composed of?

A
  • Osseous tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • cartilage
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
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7
Q

How many bones in the human body?

A
  • 206

* considered organs

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8
Q

How are bones classified!

A

• by shape

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9
Q

What are the 6 different bone shapes?

A
  1. Sutura bones
  2. Flat bones
  3. Long bones
  4. Short bones
  5. Sesamoid bones
  6. Irregular bones
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10
Q

What are sutura bones?

A
  • Small, flat
  • Found w/in the skull suture
  • Wormian bones
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11
Q

What are flat bones?

A
  • thin like plate
  • protect underlying structures
  • large surface area for tendon/ligament attachment
  • cranial bones
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • scapula
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12
Q

How are long bones?

A
  • longer than wife

* most common

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13
Q

How are short bones?

A
  • similar in length and width
  • cubed shaped
  • carpals, tarsals
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14
Q

How are sesamoid bones?

A
  • small, flat
  • develop inside tendons
  • patella
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15
Q

How are irregular bones?

A
  • complex shapes
  • notches and processes
  • vertebrae, coxal bone
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16
Q

What is related to the function of the bones?

A

• surface features

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17
Q

What indicated the presence of smooth bone?

A
  • part of a joint

* soft so bones can move against each other

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18
Q

What indicates the princess of rough trochanter and tuberosities?

A

• site where tendons and ligaments are anchored

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19
Q

What are the different types of features pt1.

A
  1. Canal
  2. Fissure
  3. Foramen
  4. Process
  5. Sinus
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20
Q

What are the different types of features pt2.

A
  1. Head
  2. Trochanter
  3. Neck
  4. Line
  5. Epicondyle
  6. Condyle
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21
Q

What are the different types of features pt3.

A
  1. Groove or sulcus
  2. Tubercle
  3. Tuberosity
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22
Q

What are the different types of features pt4.

A
  1. Crest
  2. Fossa
  3. Spine
  4. Ramus
  5. Facet
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23
Q

What is a canal?

A
  • Round hole

* deeper than a foramen

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24
Q

What is a foramen?

A
  • small round hole

* usually for blood vessels or never passage

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25
What is a fissure?
• narrow gar
26
What is a sinus?
* open chamber w/in a bone | * air filled
27
What is a process?
• general term for projection
28
What is the head of a. Bone?
* large, smooth * rounded process * serve for articulation
29
What is the neck of a bone?
• narrow connection between head and rest of bone
30
What is a trochanter?
• large, rough process
31
What is the line of a bone?
• very narrow ridge
32
What is the epicondyle?
• raised area of bone
33
What is a condyle?
* smooth, rounded process | * for articulation in bone
34
What is the groove or sulcus?
•narrow depression
35
What is the tubercle?
• small rounded process
36
What is the tuberosity?
• small rough process
37
What is the facet?
* small, almost flat surface | * for articulation in a joint
38
What is the crest of a bone?
• prominent narrow ridge
39
What is a fossa?
• shallow depression on surface bone
40
What is the spine of a bone?
• narrow and pointed process
41
What is the ramus?
* flat bridge of bone | * makes angle to the rest of structure
42
What are the parts of a long bone?
1. Proximal epiphysis 2. Diaphysis 3. Distal epiphysis
43
What is proximal epiphysis?
* upper end of long bone * composed primarily of spongy bone * with thin covering of compact bone
44
What composes the proximal epiphysis?
1. Articular cartilage 2. Epiphysial line 3. Spongy bone
45
How is the articular cartilage?
* hyaline cartilage | * covers portion of each epiphysis involved in a Joint
46
What is the epiphysial line?
* narrow zone between each epiphysis and diaphysis * in growing children is composed of cartilage * site for lengthening bone * also called epiphysial plate * in adults is ossified
47
What is spongy bone?
* site of hematopoiesis | * house red bone marrow
48
What is the diaphysis?
* tube shape * shaft of long bone * hollow cavity in center * composed of compact and spongy bone
49
What composes the diaphysis?
1. Medullary cavity 2. Endosteum 3. Compact bone 4. Yellow bone marrow 5. Periosteum
50
What is the medullary cavity?
* chamber w/in diaphysis * lined with spongy bone * contains bone marrow
51
What is the endosteum?
* connective tissue membrane | * lines medullary cavity
52
What is the yellow bone marrow?
* found in medullary cavity | * yellow because of fat cells
53
What is the periosteum?
* thin connective tissue covering surface of long bone | * anchored to surface bone
54
What is the compact bone?
* matrix organized into osteons * resistant to stress * found in walls of dyaphisis
55
What are the 7 parts of compact bone?
1. Circumferential lamellae 2. Interstitial lamellae 3. Periosteum 4. Central canal 5. Perforating canal 6. Spongy bone 7. Osteon
56
What is the circumferential lamellae?
• layers of matrix found around outer surface of bone
57
What is interstitial lamellae?
• layers of matrix filling spaces between osteons
58
What is the central canal?
* osteonic or harversian canal * extends through center or osteon * houses artery, vein and nerve
59
What is the perforating canal?
* Volkmann's canal * connects central canals of adjacent osteons * houses artery, veins and nerves
60
What is the osteon?
* Harversian system * cylinder shape unit * gives compact bone its unique appearance * consists of rings of lamellae * organized around a central canal
61
What are the parts of an osteon?
1. Canaliculis 2. Artery 3. Vein 4. Nerve 5. Central canal 6. Lamella
62
What is the lamella?
* layers of matrix in compact bone | * lacunae and osteocytes found between adjacent of lamellae
63
What is the canaliculi?
* network of tony canals * connect lacunae to each other * allows nutrient to reach osteocytes
64
What is an osteocytes?
* mature bone cell * does not produce new matrix * removes/ rebuilds old matrix
65
What is a lacuna?
* open space between lamellae | * each houses one osteocyte
66
What is spongy bone? pt2.
• cancellous bone
67
What composes spongy bone?
1. Lamellae 2. Osteocytes 3. Lacuna 4. Canaliculi 5. Trabeculae
68
What is the trabeculae?
* matrix arrangement in spongy bone * Lattice like network * osteocytes scattered * forms open spaces that houses red bone marrow

Axial Skeleton (6 decks)

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