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bone tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

What hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood by lowering them?

A

Calcitonin

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2
Q

What is the active form of vitamin D that helps increase calcium absorption?

A

Calcitriol

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3
Q

What is the primary mineral component of bone?

A

Calcium carbonate

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4
Q

What is calculus in the context of bone?

A

A calcified structure formed in the body, often associated with pathological conditions.

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5
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

Microscopic channels in bone that connect lacunae and allow for nutrient exchange.

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6
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

The process by which bones increase in width.

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7
Q

What type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones?

A

Articular cartilage

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8
Q

What is the central canal in bone?

A

The channel that contains blood vessels and nerves in the Haversian system.

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9
Q

What is closed reduction?

A

A non-surgical method to realign fractured bones.

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10
Q

What type of bone is characterized by a dense outer layer?

A

Compact bone

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11
Q

What are concentric lamellae?

A

Layers of bone matrix that form around the Haversian canal.

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12
Q

What is cortical bone?

A

Another term for compact bone, which forms the outer layer of bones.

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13
Q

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

A

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

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14
Q

What is ectopic ossification?

A

The abnormal formation of bone in non-skeletal tissues.

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15
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

The process by which bone develops by replacing cartilage.

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16
Q

What is the endosteum?

A

A thin membrane lining the medullary cavity of bones.

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17
Q

What does the epiphysial line indicate?

A

The fusion of the epiphysis and diaphysis, marking the end of growth.

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18
Q

What is the epiphysial plate?

A

A layer of cartilage that allows for the lengthening of bones during growth.

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19
Q

What is the epiphysis of a long bone?

A

The end part of a long bone, initially separated from the shaft by cartilage.

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20
Q

What are flat bones?

A

Bones that are thin and flat, such as the skull bones.

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21
Q

What is the Haversian canal?

A

The central channel in an osteon that contains blood vessels.

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22
Q

What is the Haversian system?

A

The structural unit of compact bone, consisting of an osteon.

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23
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

The process of blood cell formation in the bone marrow.

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24
Q

What is hydroxyapatite?

A

A mineral form of calcium apatite that makes up bone.

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25
What is hypercalcemia?
An abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.
26
What is hypocalcemia?
An abnormally low level of calcium in the blood.
27
What is interstitial growth?
Growth that occurs from within the tissue, such as cartilage.
28
What is intramembranous ossification?
The process of bone formation directly from mesenchymal tissue.
29
What are lacunae?
Small cavities in bone that house osteocytes.
30
What are long bones?
Bones that are longer than they are wide, such as the femur.
31
What is the marrow cavity?
The central cavity of bone that contains bone marrow.
32
What is the medullary cavity?
The cavity within the diaphysis of long bones that contains yellow marrow.
33
What is the metaphysis?
The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone.
34
What is mineral deposition?
The process of minerals being added to the bone matrix.
35
What is mineral resorption?
The process of minerals being removed from the bone matrix.
36
What is mineralization?
The process of depositing minerals into the bone matrix.
37
What is myeloid tissue?
Tissue that produces blood cells, found in bone marrow.
38
What are nutrient foramina?
Small openings in bones that allow blood vessels to enter.
39
What is open reduction?
A surgical procedure to realign fractured bones.
40
What is osseous tissue?
The type of connective tissue that makes up bone.
41
What is ossification?
The process of bone formation.
42
What are osteoblasts?
Bone-forming cells that synthesize the bone matrix.
43
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.
44
What is osteogenesis?
The process of bone development.
45
What are osteogenic cells?
Stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts.
46
What is osteology?
The study of bones.
47
What is osteolysis?
The process of bone tissue breakdown.
48
What is osteomalacia?
A condition characterized by softening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency.
49
What is an osteon?
The basic structural unit of compact bone.
50
What is osteoporosis?
A condition where bones become weak and brittle.
51
What hormone increases blood calcium levels?
Parathyroid hormone
52
What is a pathological fracture?
A fracture that occurs in a bone weakened by disease.
53
What are perforating canals?
Canals that connect Haversian canals and allow blood flow.
54
What is the periosteum?
A dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones.
55
What is the primary marrow cavity?
The cavity formed during the development of long bones that contains red marrow.
56
What is the primary ossification center?
The first area of a bone to start ossifying.
57
What is red bone marrow?
Bone marrow that produces red blood cells.
58
What is rickets?
A disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to soft bones.
59
What is the secondary marrow cavity?
The cavity formed during the development of bones that contains yellow marrow.
60
What is the secondary ossification center?
The area of bone development that occurs after the primary ossification center.
61
What is the skeletal system?
The organ system that provides structure and support to the body.
62
What are spicules?
Small, needle-like structures found in spongy bone.
63
What is spongy bone?
Bone that has a porous structure, found at the ends of long bones.
64
What is a stress fracture?
A small crack in a bone caused by repetitive force or overuse.
65
What are trabeculae?
The small, rod-like structures that make up spongy bone.
66
What is Wolff's law?
The principle that bone grows and remodels in response to the forces placed upon it.
67
What is yellow bone marrow?
Bone marrow that primarily stores fat.
68
Function of the skeleton
Support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, blood formation.
69
Bones (osseous tissue)
Body tissues that make up the bone, spongy and compact.
70
General features of bones
Flat bones, long bones, short bones, irregular bones.
71
Bone cells
Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts.
72
Compact (cortical) bone
Dense outer layer of osseous tissue.
73
Spongy (trabecular) bone
Consists of lattice of trabeculae and space filled with bone marrow.
74
Bone Marrow
A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells.

bone tissue (1 decks)

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