Bone Tumours

Question 1

what are the commonest bone tumours ?

Answer 1

bony metastasis

Question 2

from what primary cancers can spread to the bone ?

Answer 2

breast 
prostate 
bronchus 
thyroid 
kidney

Question 3

bony mets can present in what ways?

Answer 3

pain

pathological fracture

Question 4

how is bony mets pain treated ?

Answer 4

RT

Question 5

how is a pathological fracture treated ?

Answer 5

internal fixation

Question 6

are bony mets white or radiolucent on X-rays ?

Answer 6

radiolucent

- clear on x rays

Question 7

what bony met cancer isn’t radiolucent on X-rays ?

Answer 7

prostate cancer

- sclerotic tumour

Question 8

state the 4 non neoplastic conditions ?

Answer 8

fibrous dysplasia

simple bone cyst

aneurysmal bone cysts

fibrous cortical defect and non ossifying fibroma

Question 9

what is fibrous dysplasia ?

Answer 9

uncommon bone disorder in which scar-like (fibrous) tissue develops in place of normal bone. This irregular tissue can weaken the affected bone and cause it to deform or fracture

Question 10

what gender is more affected by fibrous dysplasia?

Answer 10

females

Question 11

where does fibrous dysplasia occur?

Answer 11

long bones, ribs, skull

Question 12

what does fibrous dysplasia look like on X-rays

Answer 12

ground glass lytic lesion

Question 13

what is McCune albrights disease ?

Answer 13

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia - Precocious puberty (females) - Café-au-lait spots

Question 14

what is Precocious puberty?

Answer 14

child’s body begins changing into that of an adult (puberty) too soon.

Question 15

is fibrous dysplasia usually monocytic or polycytic?

Answer 15

monocytic

Question 16

what ages does fibrous dysplasia affect?

Answer 16

<30yrs

Question 17

what age does simple bone cysts affect?

Answer 17

<20yrs

Question 18

what does a simple bone cyst look liken X-ray ?

Answer 18

Well-defined lytic lesion

Cortex can fall into cyst → “fallen fragment”

Question 19

are aneurysmal bone cysts painful?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what does MRI show for aneurysmal bone cysts?

Answer 20

multiple fluid levels in side cyst

Question 21

is Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma painful?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

what age does Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma affect?

Answer 22

children

Question 23

where does Fibrous cortical defect and non-ossifying fibroma occur ?

Answer 23

distal femur

proximal tibia

Question 24

state three benign cartilaginous neoplasms ?

Answer 24

osteochondroma
chondromas
chondroblastoma

Question 25

are benign cartilaginous neoplasms a disease of the old?

Answer 25

no | - occurs in the young

Question 26

what gender is more effected by benign cartilaginous neoplasms ?

Answer 26

males

Question 27

where does osteochondroma occur ?

Answer 27

knee

Question 28

where do chondromas occur in the body ?

Answer 28

hands and feet

Question 29

what is Ollier Disease?

Answer 29

multiple enchondromas

Question 30

state the one malignant cartilaginous neoplasm

Answer 30

chondrosarcoma

Question 31

what age is affected by chondrosarcoma ?

Answer 31

>40

Question 32

does chondrosarcoma present with pain ?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

where does chondrosarcoma commonly affect ?

Answer 33

pelvis | axial skeleton

Question 34

what does chondrosarcoma look like on Xray ?

Answer 34

Lytic lesion | Fluffy “popcorn calcification”

Question 35

what % of people with chondrosarcoma survive for 5Yrs?

Answer 35

70%

Question 36

state 4 Benign Bone-forming Neoplasms?

Answer 36

osteoma osteoid osteoma osteoblastoma giant cell tumour (osteoclastoma)

Question 37

what gender is most effected by osteoid osteoma?

Answer 37

males

Question 38

what age is affected by osteoid osteoma?

Answer 38

teens and 20s

Question 39

does osteoid osteoma present with pain ?

Answer 39

Severe nocturnal pain relieved by aspirin

Question 40

where does osteoma affect ?

Answer 40

skull | facial bones

Question 41

what does osteoid osteoma look like on Xray

Answer 41

Lytic lesion ̄c central nidus and sclerotic rim

Question 42

does osteoblastoma present with pain ?

Answer 42

yes and can't be relieved by aspirin

Question 43

where does osteblastoma affect?

Answer 43

spine

Question 44

what gender is more affected by osteoclastoma ?

Answer 44

females

Question 45

what does osteoclastoma look like on X-ray?

Answer 45

Soap bubble appearance | Solitary, expansile, lytic lesion

Question 46

state two malignant bone forming neoplasms?

Answer 46

osteosarcoma | ewings sarcoma

Question 47

what gender is more affected by osteosarcoma ?

Answer 47

males

Question 48

what is the commonest primary bone tumour ?

Answer 48

osteosarcoma

Question 49

where does osteosarcoma affect?

Answer 49

knee

Question 50

what is the presentation of osteosarcoma

Answer 50

pain, warm, bruit

Question 51

what age is affected by osteosarcoma

Answer 51

adolescents

Question 52

what does the X-ray of osteosarcoma look like ?

Answer 52

Periosteal Elevation: | - Sunburst appearance - Codman’s triangle

Question 53

what age is affected by Ewing’s Sarcoma?

Answer 53

<20yrs

Question 54

does Ewing’s Sarcoma make the patient systemically unwell?

Answer 54

yes - fever, increased ESR/WCC and anaemia

Question 55

what is the presentation of Ewing’s Sarcoma?

Answer 55

painful, warm, enlarging mass

Question 56

where does Ewing’s Sarcoma affect ?

Answer 56

lone bone diaphysis