bones

Question 1

list function and purposes of the skeletal system.

Answer 1

framework attachment tissues/muscles, protection of organs, movement, mineral homeostasis for Ca and P, Fat storage in yellow bone marrow, RBC,WBC production in red bone marrow

Question 2

the long shaft of the bone is covered by compact bone and is called.

Answer 2

diaphysis

Question 3

plasty

Answer 3

repair

Question 4

porosis

Answer 4

holey

Question 5

blast

Answer 5

build

Question 6

clast

Answer 6

break

Question 7

ossi/o

Answer 7

bone

Question 8

arthr/o

Answer 8

joint

Question 9

my/o

Answer 9

muscle

Question 10

oste/o

Answer 10

bone

Question 11

syn

Answer 11

together

Question 12

peri

Answer 12

around

Question 13

intra

Answer 13

within

Question 14

trophy

Answer 14

grow

Question 15

algia

Answer 15

pain

Question 16

dys

Answer 16

difficult

Question 17

the outer covering of bone is the

Answer 17

periosteum

Question 18

the part of the bone that contains the epiphseal plate is

Answer 18

metaphysis

Question 19

the inner lining of bone is the -

and the outer lining is-

Answer 19

endosteum

periosteum

Question 20

the part of the bone which contains the yellow marrow, vessels and nerves is

Answer 20

diaphysis

Question 21

the part of bone contains red bone marrow and connects to the growth plate

Answer 21

epiphysis

Question 22

this part of bone contains nerve ENDINGS and is made of dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 22

periosteum

Question 23

this part of bone is mostly made of spongy bone

Answer 23

epiphysis

Question 24

hyaline cartilage at the ends of the bone is known as - cartilage

Answer 24

articular

Question 25

this part of the bone contains stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 25

endosteum

Question 26

bone is mostly made up of what four things?

Answer 26

water, | collagen protien, minerals, cells

Question 27

mature bone cells

Answer 27

osteocytes

Question 28

osteogenic cells

Answer 28

stem cells

Question 29

secrete collagen and minerals

Answer 29

osteoblasts

Question 30

release acids to resorpt bone

Answer 30

osteoclasts

Question 31

located in the endosteum

Answer 31

stem cells osteoblasts osteoclasts

Question 32

calcified rings around canal

Answer 32

lamellae

Question 33

contains osteocytes

Answer 33

lacunae

Question 34

structural unit of compact bone

Answer 34

osteon

Question 35

routes for nutrients and wastes

Answer 35

canaliculi

Question 36

contains vessels and Nerves

Answer 36

canals

Question 37

structural unit of spongy bone

Answer 37

trabeculae

Question 38

paths leading out from lucunae

Answer 38

canaliculi

Question 39

red bone marrow what is its purpose and where is it found?

Answer 39

make blood cells (RBC and WBC) | located in epiphysis of long bones and also spongy bones (ribs,skull,sternum, hip bones)

Question 40

yellow bone marrow | what is its purpose and where is it found?

Answer 40

nutrition- storage of fat in diaphysis (medullary cavity)

Question 41

spongy bone: what are two purposes? what 4 bones contain a lot of it

Answer 41

reduce bone weight, handle mutidirectional stresses, red bone marrow skull, sternum, ribs, pelvis

Question 42

nutrient Forman: where is it located and what is it for?

Answer 42

hole in diaphysis of bone, entry point of vessels(nerve, artery, vein, lymph)

Question 43

nerve endings: | where are they located in bone ? why?

Answer 43

periosteum- pain sensors on outside of bone for protection- closer to point of potential damage

Question 44

what is the definition of ossification ?

Answer 44

making bone

Question 45

what is the structural unit of spongy bone called

Answer 45

trabeculae

Question 46

what is the structural unit of compact bone called?

Answer 46

osteon

Question 47

primary ossification: where does it occur?

Answer 47

diaphysis (forms medullary cavity)

Question 48

what happens during primary ossification ?

Answer 48

cartilage-calcification - spongy bone(trabeculae)-osteo clasts- resorpt cartilage - medullary cavity

Question 49

secondary ossification. where does it occur?

Answer 49

epiphysis (to form spongy bone and red bone marrow)

Question 50

what happens during secondary ossification ?

Answer 50

cartilage - calcification - spongy bone -calcification -compact bone and periosteum also forms hyaline cartilage - articular cartilage

Question 51

epiphyseal plate/line where is it located ? what is it for?

Answer 51

located in the metaphysis of long bones. this is where bone length increases in long bones

Question 52

define calcification. list two examples.

Answer 52

adding calcium and other minerals to create bone. calcium is added to cartilage to make spongy bone calcium is added to spongy bone to make compact bone.

Question 53

bone composition

Answer 53

mineral %70 bone strength collagen 25% bone flexibility water 5%

Question 54

vitamins

Answer 54

vitamins D absorb calcium from intestines B12,A,C, K stimulate collagen and osteoblasts activity

Question 55

hormones

Answer 55

parathyroid and calcitonin regulate blood calcium levels.

Question 56

remodeling

Answer 56

replace old bone tissue with new. resorption: osteoclasts release acids, dissolving bone deposition: osteoblasts add new minerals and collagen to bone. rate: spongy bone 20% replace per year. compact bone:5% per year. distal femur bone replaced every 4 months. center shaft femur never

Question 57

adaptation to environment

Answer 57

muscle tension or "pull" of gravity on tendon and ligaments. stimulate osteoblasts activity Increase and maintain bone density. inactivity- bone rest or lack bone loss=1% per week

Question 58

ligament attach bone to ...

Answer 58

bone

Question 59

tendon attach bone to

Answer 59

muscle

Question 60

bursae

Answer 60

pocket bag of water in joint, reduce friction

Question 61

open (compound)

Answer 61

skin broken

Question 62

closed (simple)

Answer 62

skin not broken

Question 63

comminuted

Answer 63

crushed bone 3 or more pieces.

Question 64

green stick

Answer 64

partial fracture in children, one side broken, other side bent

Question 65

stress fractures

Answer 65

microscopic fissure, caused by osteoporosis or repeated activity (running)

Question 66

compression

Answer 66

common vertebral fracture in elderly | associated with osteoporosis