bones

Question 1

Hyaline

Answer 1

Most abundant type; covers bone ends at joints; found in Airways, rib cage, nose

Question 2

Elastic

Answer 2

Very flexible (external ear and epiglottis)

Question 3

Fibrocartilages

Answer 3

Resist very high compression forces

Question 4

Axial

Answer 4

Skull, rib cage, vertebrae

Question 5

Appendicular

Answer 5

Limbs, shoulders, pelvic

Question 6

Epiphyses

Answer 6

Ends of long bone

Question 7

Diaphysis

Answer 7

Shaft (between epiphyses)

Question 8

Medullary/yellow marrow cavity

Answer 8

Contains yellow marrow

Question 9

Periosteum

Answer 9

Double membrane surrounding bone; contains osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 10

Endosteum

Answer 10

Lines inner cavities

Question 11

Epiphyseal (growth) plate-

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage from which bone growth occurs in childhood and Adolescence

Question 12

Spongy (trabecular) bone

Answer 12

Contains red marrow; found in interior of epiphysis

Question 13

Articular cartilage

Answer 13

smooth white tissue; covers ends of bones where joints form

Question 14

Trabeculae

Answer 14

plates in spongy bone, change over lifetime to help resist stress to bone

Question 15

Compact (cortical) bone

Answer 15

surrounds medullary cavity and spongy bone of epiphyses

Question 16

Osteon

Answer 16

weight bearing pillars of bones, run lengthwise through compact bone, look like growth rings on tree cross section

Question 17

Osteogenic cells

Answer 17

Stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts

Question 18

Osteocytes

Answer 18

mature osteoblasts; maintain bone matrix; Found between rings of Matrix, lucunae

Question 19

Osteoblasts

Answer 19

Stone building cells; secrete osteoid; found beneath periosteum secrete bone matrix

Question 20

Osteoclasts

Answer 20

resorb (break down) bone; secrete HCl and enzymes; found in resorption bays, bone surface

Question 21

Osteoid

Answer 21

mostly collagen + other protein compounds (organic component of bone)

Question 22

Hydroxyapatites

Answer 22

used for bone repair, composed of minerals like calcium and phosphate

Question 23

Yellow bone marrow-

Answer 23

fat storage

Question 24

Red bone marrow

Answer 24

bone cells

Question 25

Hematopoiesis

Answer 25

production of blood cells in bone marrow

Question 26

Ossification (osteogenesis)

Answer 26

Bone formation; starts before birth and extend through life; Cartilage models of bone made are replaced by bones

Question 27

Bone remodeling

Answer 27

Bone deposit and bone resorption of the adult skeleton; occurs to prevent bones from becoming brittle

Question 28

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-

Answer 28

stimulates bone resorption leading to increased Ca2+

Question 29

Hematoma

Answer 29

blood clot, stops excessive blood loss during healing of broken bone

Question 30

Bony callus

Answer 30

thicker bone area, forms when bone heals

Question 31

Synovial joint

Answer 31

Bone ends covered by cartilage and surrounded by a joint capsule (diathroses)

Question 32

Fibrous joint

Answer 32

Bone ends joined by fibrous tissue (synarthroses)

Question 33

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 33

Bone end joined by cartilage (amphiarthroses)

Question 34

Synarthroses

Answer 34

Immovable joint

Question 35

Diarthroses

Answer 35

Freely movable joint (most joints)

Question 36

Amphiarthroses

Answer 36

Slightly movable joint

Question 37

Ligaments

Answer 37

Connects two bones together at a joint; injury called a sprain

Question 38

Tendons

Answer 38

Connects muscles to bones; injury called a strain

Question 39

Osteoarthritis

Answer 39

Degeneration of articular cartilage on the epiphyses at a joint; leads to pain, stiffness, decreased range of motion, grating sensations; worsens with age

Question 40

Osteoporosis

Answer 40

bones thinning, weak and brittle, leads to bone fracture

Question 41

Nondisplaced

Answer 41

bone ends lined up

Question 42

Displaced

Answer 42

bone ends shift

Question 43

Complete

Answer 43

goes all the way through bone

Question 44

Incomplete

Answer 44

doesn’t cut through completely

Question 45

Linear

Answer 45

parallel to long axis

Question 46

Tranverse

Answer 46

perpendicular to diaphysis

Question 47

Open/compound

Answer 47

skin broken

Question 48

Closed/simple

Answer 48

skin not broken