Bones Flashcards

Question

Function of face

Answer 1

Expression and Communication: The face is crucial for non-verbal communication, conveying emotions, and expressing facial expressions that contribute significantly to human interaction. Protection of Sensory Organs: The facial bones provide protection to vital sensory organs such as the eyes, nose, and mouth. Chewing and Speech: The mandible, along with the maxilla, is essential for chewing and speech. The movements of these bones allow for mastication (chewing) and articulation of speech sounds. Support for Facial Structures: The facial skeleton supports the structures of the face, including the nose, cheeks, and orbits. It gives shape and contour to the face. Facial Identity: The unique arrangement and characteristics of facial bones contribute to individual facial features, allowing for facial recognition and identification.

Answer 2

ethmoid sinus maxillary sinus frontal sinus Lightening the Skull: The sinuses, particularly the maxillary sinuses, are air-filled spaces within the maxilla (upper jawbone). Their presence contributes to reducing the overall weight of the skull, making it easier to support and move. Resonance in Speech: The sinuses affect the resonance of the voice. They act as resonating chambers that modify the tone and quality of the voice during speech. This resonance is particularly influenced by the paranasal sinuses, including the maxillary and frontal sinuses. Moistening and Warming Inhaled Air: The sinuses produce mucus, which helps humidify and warm the air as it passes through the nasal cavity. This process is part of the respiratory function and contributes to protecting the sensitive respiratory tract. Filtering and Trapping Particles: The mucus produced by the sinuses also helps trap dust, allergens, and other particles present in the inhaled air, preventing them from reaching the lungs and potentially causing irritation or damage.

Answer 3

Facial Expression: Muscles such as the orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, and zygomaticus contribute to facial expressions. These muscles allow us to convey emotions, express feelings, and communicate non-verbally. For example, the orbicularis oculi is responsible for closing the eyelids during blinking or squinting, while the zygomaticus is involved in smiling. Mastication (Chewing): Muscles involved in mastication, or chewing, include the masseter, temporalis, and medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. These muscles work together to move the jaw during the process of chewing and grinding food. The coordinated action of these muscles is crucial for effective and efficient mastication. Head and Neck Movement: Muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, and trapezius play a key role in the movement of the head and neck. The sternocleidomastoid, for example, allows for head rotation and flexion, while the trapezius is involved in the movement of the scapulae and the extension of the neck.

Answer 4

Incisor` - cutting tooth 'Canine' - tearing tooth (as in 'fangs') 'Premolar' - in front of the molars (also called 'bicuspids' - having two cusps) 'Molar' - grinding tooth

Answer 5

Two incisors One canine Two premolars Three molars Note that the third molar, the so-called ‘wisdom’ tooth, is frequently missing. This may mean it has failed to form (agenesis) or failed to erupt (impaction). 32 in total

Answer 6

Other descriptive terms: Buccal: facing the cheek Labial: facing the lips Lingual: facing the tongue Mesial: medial Distal: lateral Interproximal: between teeth Occlusal: facing the opposing tooth - this is the biting surface

Bones Flashcards

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