bones

Question 1

define articulation

Answer 1

a joint

Question 2

define suture

Answer 2

articulation between cranial bones

Question 3

define facet

Answer 3

a small and smooth articular surface

Question 4

define foramen

Answer 4

an opening through a bone

Question 5

define fossa

Answer 5

a broad shallow depressed area

Question 6

define canal

Answer 6

a long, tunnel like foramen, usually a passage for notable nerves or blood vessels

Question 7

define meatus

Answer 7

short canal

Question 8

be able to label the 4 areas of the skull where sensory organs are

Answer 8

check optom screenshots

Question 9

what are the 4 sections of the orbit?

Answer 9

roof, floor, lateral wall and medial wall

Question 10

what do the cranial bones do?

Answer 10

form the cranial case housing the brain

Question 11

what two types of bones does the orbit consist of?

Answer 11

cranial and facial bones

Question 12

what is the foramen magnum and what bone is it on?

Answer 12

it’s where the inferior part of the brain connects to the spinal cord. found in the occipital bone

Question 13

what are the perital bones?

Answer 13

they are the side bones of the skull and forms most of the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

Question 14

where are the temporal bones situated?

Answer 14

the sides amd base of the skull

Question 15

where is the mastoid portion situated

Answer 15

in the temporal bones that cover the inner ear. when the mastoid cells get inflammed its called mastoiditis

Question 16

what are the two main portions of the frontal bone?

Answer 16

the vertical portion - the squama which correspond with the region of the forehead
horizontal

Question 17

what forms the roofs of the orbits and cranial floors and what’s it for?

Answer 17

the frontal bone superior to the orbit and helps to protect the eyeball

Question 18

learn the bones of the orbit

Question 19

what is a blowout fracture?

Answer 19

where the eyeball swells as a result of pressure causing the inferior rectus of the orbit to fracture

Question 20

what is the sphenoid bone?

Answer 20

the ‘keystone’ of the cranial floor by articulating with all other bones to hold them together

Question 21

in the sphenoid bone, what do the greater and lesser wings form?

Answer 21

greater form part of the cranial floor and lateral wall of the skull
lesser form part of the cranial floor and posterior part of the orbit

Question 22

what does the lacrimal bone contain?

Answer 22

the lacrimal sac as it forms part of the medial wall

Question 23

what is the ethmoid bone?

Answer 23

a major supporting structure of the nasal cavity. forms part of the medial orbital wall

Question 24

what do zygomatic bones do?

Answer 24

form the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit

Question 25

what do the maxilla bones make up?

Answer 25

part of the floors of the orbits and part of the nasal cavity

Question 26

what do the mandible bones form?

Answer 26

the jaw

Question 26

what are vomer bones?

Answer 26

components of the nasal septum on the floor of the nasal cavity

Question 26

what are the three earbones?

Answer 26

the malleus, incus and stapes

Question 26

what percentage of the human weight does bone make up?

Answer 26

20%

Question 26

give examples of: long bones flat or tabular bones blocky and irregular bones

Answer 26

-limbs -cranium, shoulder, pelvis and ribcage -ankle, wrist, spine

Question 26

what are the two main parts that make up long bones?

Answer 26

the tube - diaphysis and the expanded ends - epiphysis

Question 27

give the substructures of bone

Answer 27

-cortical bone -trabecular/ cancellous spongy bone

Question 28

what is the medullary cavity? how much % of body weight does it make up?

Answer 28

bone marrow in long bone, produces new blood cells and makes up 4% of total body weight

Question 29

what intracellular materials make up the bone microstructure and what are the percentages?

Answer 29

-water 25% -protein fibres 25% -crystallised materials 50%

Question 30

what are the four types of cells that are present in bone tissue?

Answer 30

-osteogenic cells -osteoblasts -osteocytes -osteoclasts

Question 31

what is the function of osteoblasts?

Answer 31

to synthesise and secret collagen and organic components of the matrix and initiate calcification

Question 31

what do osteoclasts do?

Answer 31

release acids and enzymes to digest tissue

Question 31

what are osteocytes and what do they do?

Answer 31

they are derived from osteoblasts that are no longer synthesising collagen, star shaped networked via canaliculi which are used for exchange of nutrients and waste

Question 32

how does collagen occur in the bone?

Answer 32

as a naturally occuring form of calcium apatite

Question 32

what causes osteoporosis?

Answer 32

1. hormones regulate Ca2+ movement between bone, kidney and intestine 2. this causes hormone problems such as post menopause in women 3. bone re-absorption exceeds bone deposition

Question 32

what two types of bone have the same microstructure

Answer 32

trabecular bone is the same as cortical bone

Question 33

what tissue is bone covered by?

Answer 33

endo and periostea osteogenic tissues, dense irregular connective tissue

Question 34

what does process mean?

Answer 34

a relatively large projection or prominent bump