Bones Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Bone function
A
Support body
Store minerals and fat
Produce blood cells
Protect organs
facilitate movement
2
Q
Types of bones
A
long
short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
3
Q
long bones act as
A
Levers
4
Q
Shaft of a long bone
A
Diaphysis
5
Q
Head of a long bone
A
epiphysis
6
Q
Metaphysis
A
in between Epiphysis and diaphysis
7
Q
Physis/epiphyseal plate
A
Growth plate
in between Diaphysis and Epiphysis
8
Q
Example of long bone
A
femur
9
Q
example of flat bone
A
skull bones
10
Q
example of irregular bone
A
vertebra
11
Q
example of a sesamoid bone
A
patella
12
Q
what is a sesamoid bone
A
an extra bone at a joint for muscle attachment
13
Q
Axial skeleton has…
A
the skull and spine
14
Q
Unpaired skull bones are…
A
on the midline
15
Q
bones of the cranium are…
A
generally flat
for surrounding the brain
16
Q
bones of the face are…
A
Those that surround entry points
17
Q
Dermatocranium bones form from…
A
bone
18
Q
chondrocranium bones form from…
A
Cartilage
19
Q
Brachycephalic skull type
A
short, wide head
Pug
20
Q
Mesaticephalic skull type
A
regular head shape
Dog
21
Q
Dolichocephalic skull type
A
long and narrow head
horse
22
Q
Anatomical network analysis
A
which structure touches which
what is their relationship
23
Q
Cervical vertebrae
A
neck
24
Q
thoracic vertebrae
A
chest
attach to ribs
25
Lumbar vertebrae
abdomen
26
Sacral vertebrae
pelvis often fused
27
Caudal vertebrae
tail
28
What attaches the ribs to the sternum
cartilage
29
False ribs attach to the sternum (T/F)
False
30
Is the sternum one bone
no
made up of sternebrae
May fuse
31
Ungulates are more likely to have ossified sternabrae (T/F)
True
32
What are the girdle bones
scapula and pelvis
33
what do girdle bones make up
the shoulder and hip
appendage attachement
34
limbs include
all bones past the girdle
35
what is the difference between an appendage and a limb
an appendage has a girdle
36
Cursorial mammals
Designed to run
37
What are adaptations of cursorial mammals
reduced clavicle
elongated distal limb bones
digitigrade or unguligrade posture
38
What happens to the number of limb bones of cursorial animals
they are reduced
Fused or absent
39
Brachium
arm
40
antebrachium
forearm
41
manus
carpal joint and anything distal
42
What separates the brachium and antebracium
the elbow
43
Where to start numbering digits
medially
44
Which digits are mostly weight bearing
3 and 4
45
Do cursorial mammals have clavicals
no
they lack bony attachment of the thoracic appendage
46
What helps cursorial mammals increase their stride length
elongated bones and unguligrade posture
47
Why do cursorial mammals have a reduced number of limb bones (1)
to reduce the limb weight
increase stride turnover
48
Why do cursorial mammals have a reduced number of limb bones (2)
increases stability by reducing the number of rotation points (joints)
49
crus
the leg below the knee
50
stiffle
the leg below the knee
51
pes
tarsus and anything distally
52
Hook
coxal tuber
53
pin
ischial tuber
54
Fetlock joint
between metacarpals and phalanges
55
coffin joint
in between middle phalanx and coffin bones
56
distal sesamoid bones
only one
called a navicular bone
not present in carnivores (cartilaginous)
57
Do dongs have an interparietal bone
no
they have an interparietal process of the occipital bone
58
does the frontal bone attach to the zygomatic arch directly in cats and dogs
no
59
Does the frontal bone attach to the zygomatic arch in ungulates
yes
60
what attaches the frontal bone to the zygomatic arch in cats and dogs
the orbital ligament
Ossified in cats
61
Foramen magnum
opening in the occipital bone for the medulla oblongata
62
occipital condyles
bumps off the occipital bone
Articulating surfaces for the atlas
63
Are the parietal and interparietal bones separate in Ox
yes, but they don't look separate
64
Lambdoid sutures
separate the parietal bones from the interparietal and occipital bones
65
which suture separates the occipital and interparietal bones
the occipitointerparietal suture
66
Mandibular fossa
articulation surface for the condylar process of the mandible
Temporomandibular joint
67
nasal septum
bony and cartilaginous division of the nasal cavities
68
nasal conchae
bone scrolls in nasal cavities
69
Turbinates
nasal conchae
turbulence, acclimatization, and smell
70
What bones make up the bony nasal septum
nasal bone (dorsal)
ethmoid bone (caudal)
vomer (ventral)
71
Paranasal sinus
air-filled cavity communicating with nasal cavity
72
Most extensive paranasal sinus in ox
frontal
73
Median septum
divides frontal sinuses (L and R)
74
Oblique transverse septum
divides rostral and caudal frontal sinuses
75
Diverticula
3 per caudal frontal sinus
passages to other sinuses
76
lamellae
bone plate projections into the frontal sinus
77
Maxillary recess
communicates with nasal cavity
not a paranasal sinus
78
ethmoturbinates
projections of the ethmoid bone
nasal conchae
79
cribriform plate
ethmoid bone
separates nasal and cranial cavities
olfactory nerve passages
80
crista galli
ethmoid bone
meninges attachment
middle of cribriform plate
81
Mandibles are made up of
body
angle
ramus
82
Condylar process
mandibular fossa connection
jaw movement
83
coronoid process
muscle attachment in the zygomatic arch
84
Caudal articular process
vertebrae
smaller
85
cranial articular process
vertebrae
bigger
86
vertebral foramen
hole for spinal cord
87
dorsal part of vertebral arch
lamina
88
ventral part of vertebral arch
pedicle
89
external acoustic meatus
opening for auditory canal
90
Angular process
extra process of the mouse mandible
91
carpus
wrist
need: accessory carpal bone
92
accessory carpal bone
muscle attachment
93
proximal sesamoid bones
two per digit
at metacarpophalangeal joint
94
Proximal and distal sesamoid bones are only found on the front limb (T/F)
False, both
95
Proximal phalage
P1
long pastern
96
Middle phalange
P2
short pastern
97
Distal phalange
P3
coffin bone
98
pastern joint
b/ P1 and P2
99
coffin joint
b/ P2 and P3
100
Distal interphalangeal joint
b/w P2 and P3
100
proximal interphalangeal joint
b/ P1 and P2
101
Buttons
reminants of fused metacarpals
splint bone terminations
102
Ox digits
III and IV with 3 P
II and V strictly external (dew claws)
103
Ox metacarpals/metatarsals
I and II absent
III and IV fused
V small or absent
104
Horse digits
III with 3 P
105
Horse metacarpals/metatarsals
III robust
II and IV are splint bones
106
numbering digits
medial to lateral
proximal to distal
107
tarsus
ankle or Hock
need: calcaneus
108
coxal tuber in ox and horse
lateral to sacral tuber on same dorsal plane
109
coxal tuber on horse and swine
ventral to sacral tuber on same sagittal plane
110
How does the hindlimb transfer so much force
bony linkage (have a pelvic girdle)
111
fibula in ruminants
fused to tibia
112
Ruminant fibula not fused to tibia at...
distalmost part
malleolar bone
113
Horse fibula
significantly reduced proximally
fused distally
114
Crus
middle hindlimb segment
tibia and fibula
Shank
