Bones

Question 1

Diaphysis

Answer 1

shaft (bara) dia = through physis = growth

Question 2

Epiphyses

Answer 2

bone ends epi = upon physis = growth

Question 3

physis

Answer 3

growth ex. Epiphyses, diaphysis

Question 4

dia

Answer 4

through ex. diaphysis

Question 5

hyaline cartilage

Answer 5

Hyal = glass, transparent most abundant. Chondrocytes = spherical Fiber type in matrix = collagen fibers

Question 6

Hyaline Cart. locations

Answer 6

Articular cartilages Costal cartilages Respiratory cartilages (larynx) Nasal Cartilages

Question 7

mast

Answer 7

stuffed full granules ex. mast cells = cytoplasm contains secretory granules

Question 8

connective tissue (immature & mature cells)

Answer 8

fibroblast fibrocytes

Question 9

cartilage (immature & mature cells)

Answer 9

chondroblasts chondrocytes

Question 10

bone (immature & mature cells)

Answer 10

osteoblast osteocyte

Question 11

blood (immature cells)

Answer 11

hematopoietic stem cell = undifferentiated blast cells (don’t make fluid matrix or plasma, and aren’t located in blood) Location = bone marrow

Question 12

fascia

Answer 12

a bond. a fibrous membrane that wraps around muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, nerves. ex. found in dense regular connective tissue forms fascia

Question 13

condyle

Answer 13

knob at the end of bone

Question 14

epicondyle

Answer 14

projection above condyle (knob at the end of bone)

Question 15

petrous

Answer 15

rocky petrous part = (part of temporal bone –> next to carotid canal) middle and internal ear cavities, which contains sensory receptors for hearing & balance.

Question 16

zygoma

Answer 16

cheekbone ex. zygomatic process + zygomatic bone = zygomatic arch

Question 17

external ear canal

Answer 17

external acustic meatus

Question 18

external acustic meatus

Answer 18

external ear canal

Question 19

mastoid process

Answer 19

part of the temporal bone.

Question 19

ethmos

Answer 19

sieve (colador, tamiz) Ethmoid bone

Question 20

Harvesian canal

Answer 20

Place for BV and nerve fibers

Question 21

Volkmann’s canal

Answer 21

Connect the blood and nerve supply of periosteum to those in the central canals and medullary cavity

Question 22

Angle

Answer 22

Curved landmark Function. To stop the mouth to open too widely Ex. Mandible angle

Question 23

Condyle

Answer 23

Rounded articular projection. Function = helps to form joints Ex. Mandible condyle

Question 24

Facet

Answer 24

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface Function = helps to form joints Ex. Ribs. Vertebrae (superior costal facet

Question 25

Head

Answer 25

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck Function = helps to form joints Ex. Ribs (head of rib)

Question 26

Ramus

Answer 26

Arm like of bone Function = helps to form joints Ex. Mandible

Question 27

Groove

Answer 27

Furrow (surco, ranura) For passage of blood vessels & nerves Ex. Mandible

Question 28

Fissure

Answer 28

Narrow slit like opening For passage of blood vessels & nerves Ex. Inferior orbital fissure

Question 29

Depressions & openings For passage of blood vessels & nerves

Answer 29

Groove Fissure Foramen Notch Meatus Sinus Fossa

Question 30

Projections that help to form Joints

Answer 30

Head Facet Condyle Ramus

Question 31

Projections that are sites of Muscle and Ligament Attachment

Answer 31

Tuberosity Crest Throcanter Line Tubercle Epicondyle Spine Process

Question 32

Tuberosity Crest Throcanter Line Tubercle Epicondyle Spine Process

Answer 32

Tuberosity = large rounded projection; may be roughened (hip, ischial spine) Crest = narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent (hip, iliac crest) Throcanter = very large, blunt irregular shaped process (only in femur) Line = narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest Tubercle = small round projection or process (abductor tubercle) Epicondyle = raised area on or above a condyle (medial epicondyle) Spine = sharp, slender, often pointed projection ( spinous process) Process = any bony prominence ( zygomatic process)

Question 33

Head Facet Condyle Ramus

Answer 33

Head = bony expansion on a narrow neck (ribs) Facet = smooth almost flat articular surface (transverse costal facet) Condyle = rounded articular projection (occipital condyle for atlas to move & nod "yes") Ramus = arm like of bone (mandible)

Question 34

Groove Fissure Foramen Notch Meatus Sinus Fossa

Answer 34

Groove = furrow (narrow depression) (mandible) Fissure = narrow slit like opening (inferior orbital fissure Foramen = round or oval opening (mental foramen) Notch = indentation at the edge of a structure (supraorbital notch) Meatus = canal like passageway (internal acoustic meatus) Sinus = cavity within the bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane (frontal sinus) Fossa = shallow basin like depression in a Bone, often serving as an articular surface

Question 35

Interstitial lamellae

Answer 35

lying between intact osteons. 1. Fill gaps between osteons 2. Remnants of osteons from bone remodeling.

Question 36

Lacunae

Answer 36

lac = hollow; una = little space occupy by osteocytes

Question 37

Canaliculi

Answer 37

connect the lacunae to each other and to the central canal Forms? tissue fluid and osteocyte extensions  Function? 1) communication 2) permits nutrients and waste from osteocytes and the osteon

Question 38

Circumferential lamellae

Answer 38

Effectively resist twisting of the long bone. Located just deep to PERIOSTEUM and superficial to ENDOSTEUM

Question 39

Trabeculae bone

Answer 39

Little beams (pequeno rayo) Honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae

Question 40

Periosteum

Answer 40

Peri = around, osteon = bone made of osteogenic cells Glistening white, double layered membrane. Covers the external surface of bone except the joint surface. Anchoring points for tendons and ligaments.

Question 41

Sharpey's fibers

Answer 41

Tuft (mechon) of collagen fibers. Secure the periosteum to the bone.

Question 42

Endosteum

Answer 42

"Within the bone" Covers internal bone surface. made of osteogenic cells In Spongy bone = covers the trabeculae in Compact bone = covers the canals (Harvesian canal)

Question 43

1. Spongy bone (alternative name) 2. Spongy bone (alternative name for flat bones) 3. Spongy bone arrangement

Answer 43

1. Trabecular bone (honeycomb of small needle like or flat pieces) 2. Diploe 3. irregular arranged lamellae and osteocytes conecte by canaliculi. It doesn't have osteons

Question 44

Bone Matrix composition

Answer 44

25% water - Inorganic 25% (collagen fibers, proteoglycans, glycoproteins) - Organic 50%-65% Crystalized mineral salts (hydroxapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) - deposited by osteoblasts - Inorganic

Question 45

Cranium bones (8) Bones with sinus

Answer 45

Frontal = 1 (sinus) Parietal = 2 Temporal = 2 Occipital = 1 Sphenoid = 1 (sinus) Ethmoid = 1 (sinus)

Question 46

Facial bones (14) Facial bones with sinus

Answer 46

Maxilla = 2 (sinus) Zygomatic = 2 Mandible = 1 Nasal = 2 Palatine = 2 (fused) Vomer = 1 Lacrimal = 2 Inferior Nasal Concha = 2

Question 47

Auditory bones (6)

Answer 47

Malleus = 2 (hammer-shaped ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus) Incus = 2 ( small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear = yunque) stapes = 2 (stirrup bone in the middle ear = stribo, foot rest para el jinete)

Question 48

Cytoskeleton (filaments and fibers)

Answer 48

1. Microfilament = 8nm (actin subunit) Double Helix 2. Microtubule = 25nm (tubulin or protein subunits) Helical lattice 3. Intermediate filament = 10nm (threadlike units) tetramer subunits

Question 49

Fontanelles (SPAM)

Answer 49

Sphenoidal fontanelle Posterior fontanelle Anterior fontanelle Mastoid fontanelle

Question 50

Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) From Bone Marrow

Answer 50

Multipotenttial stem cell 1. Lymphoid progenitor cell =\> B lymphocytes + T Lymphocytes + NK cell 2. Myeloid progenitor cell = \> RBC + Platelets + Monocyte/ Macrophage + Eosinophil + Basophil + Neutrophil

Question 51

Mesenchymal Stem Cells | (from Bone Marrow)

Answer 51

mesos "middle" + enkhuma "infusion" 1. Osteocyte 2. Chondrocyte 3. Muscle cell 4. Stromal cell (connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue.) 5. Fibroblast

Question 53

Epiphyseal Plate

Answer 53

is a plate of hyaline cartilage that allows bones to grow in length.

Question 54

Skeletal System (composition)

Answer 54

1. Bones (skeleton) 2. Ligaments (bone to bone) 3. Joints (articulation) 4. Cartillages (give flexibility to bone) 5. Tendon (Bone to muscle)

Question 55

Skeletal System (Functions)

Answer 55

1. Support (structural framework) 2. Mineral homeostasis (Ca, Phosphorus) 3. Site of blood cell production (hematopoieses = RBC, WBC, platelets) 4. Storage of fats (chemical energy) 5. Protection (internal organs)