Bones and joints Flashcards
(18 cards)
(Jan 19) Explain how the action of muscles around the synovial joints result in movement
- Muscles are antagonistic
- Muscles work in pairs
- Muscles can pull but cannot push
- One muscles contracts/ Shortens to bend joint/ Bringing about movement
(Jan 19) The knee is an example of a synovial joint.
Connect the function to the component…
1. Attaches to the bone
2. Lubricants and nourishes the joint
3. Reduces friction during movement
- Ligament
- Synovial fluid
- Cartilage
(June 18) Identify four possible treatments of arthritis
- Physiotherapy
- Occupational therapy
- Podiatry
- Exercise
(June 18) Explain two different possible causes of arthritis
Osteoarthritis
- Wear and tear on joints (linked to sport)
- Cartilage worn away by friction
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Autoimmune response
- Damage the cartilage
(June 18) Where can you find these joints?
1. Fixed joint
2. Pivot joint
3. Sliding joint
4. Ball and Socket joint
5. Hinge joint
- Cranium
- Neck
- Wrist
- Hip
- Knee
(Jan 18) Which transection is horizontal?
(A transverse section of a bone)
(A vertical section of a bone)
Transverse section of the bone
(Jan 18) Identify four risk factors or causes of osteoporosis
- Age
- Female
- Low hormone levels
- Post menopause
- Anorexia
- Lack of calcium
(Jan 18) Suggest how a diagram of a bone of an individual with osteoporosis, might look different from a healthy bone
- Less dense
- Less structured
- More holes
(Jan 18) Explain the likely impacts of osteoporosis on daily life
- Tired
- Poor mobility
- May develop bad posture
(Jan 18) State three methods of monitoring or treating osteoporosis
- Bone density scan
- Blood tests
- Supplements
- Load bearing exercise
(Jan 19) Explain the treatment options that are available to treat arthritis
- Steroids
- Pain relief
- Joint manipulating
(June 19) What joint is in an elbow
A hinge
(June 19) Describe the possible causes of osteopetrosis and its effects on her muscular-skeletal system
Causes
- Ageing
- Anorexia
- Female
- Smoking
- Unbalanced diet
Effects
- Loss of bone density
- Deforms bones
- Stooped posture of skeleton
(Jan 21) Name 2 other types joints, except hinge joint
-Ball and socket
-Pivot
(Jan 21) Identify one malfunction and symptom of a musculoskeletal issue
Malfunction- Osteoarthritis
Symptom- Painful joints
(Jan 21) Explain the impacts on day to day life with an individual living with Osteoarthritis
-Need to take exercise to keep joints moving
-Problems with daily activities e.g. preparing meals
due to stiff joints
-Pain causes issues sleep and psychological effects
-Abnormal gait/limp might be embarrassing
(Jan 20) Identify which statements about possible treatments for osteoarthritis are true, and which
are false
1.Taking vitamin D and calcium supplements.
2.Taking steroids to reduce inflammation and swelling.
3. Surgery to replace a joint.
4. Physiotherapy to strengthen muscles.
- False
- True
- True
- True
(Jan 20) Mia has been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Explain the possible causes of Mia’s osteoarthritis and the effects it is likely to have on
her
Causes
* Wear and tear of joints
* Age
* Obesity/overweight
* Excessive physical activity
* Sporting injury
* Surgery on the joint
* Family history
* Other conditions - rheumatoid arthritis
Effects
*loss of cartilage
* bones rub against each other
* development of bone growths or ‘spurs’
* stiff
* painful joints
* loss of joint space
* reduced mobility
