Bones And Joints

Question 1

Five types of bone

Answer 1

F-Flat
L-Long
I-Irregular
S-Short
S-Sesamoid

Question 2

3 major types of cells in bone

Answer 2

Osteocytes-nature bone cells
Osteoblasts-bone building cells
Osteoclasts-bone cutting cells

Question 3

What is the Diaphysis

Answer 3

The shaft of a long bone

Question 4

What is the Epiphysis

Answer 4

Ends of the bones

Question 5

What is the Metaphysis

Answer 5

Area where diaphysis meets epiphysis

Question 6

What is the medullary cavity

Answer 6

Hollow area inside diaphysis

Question 7

What is the articular cartilage

Answer 7

Thin layer of cartilage covering epiphysis

• contains bone forming cells
• supplies living bone cells with nutrients

Question 8

What is the periosteum

Answer 8

Tough sheath of connective tissue covering the surface

Question 9

What is the endosteum

Answer 9

Membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Question 10

Where is dense/compact bone located

Answer 10

Under the periosteum

Question 11

What is the concentric lamella

Answer 11

Layers of calcified matrix that surround the Haversian canals

Question 12

What is the lacunae

Answer 12

Spaces in the lamellae

Question 13

What is the canaliculi

Answer 13

Tiny canals that connect lacunae with each other and the central canal

Question 14

Spongey bone

Answer 14

Fills the end of the bones

Question 15

What is trabeculae

Answer 15

Threads of spongey bone surrounded by many empty spaces

Question 16

Yellow marrow

Answer 16

• Consists of adipose tissue

- fills the shafts of long bones

Question 17

Red marrow

Answer 17

• consists of blood vessels, fibers, and cells
• manufactures blood cells
• Found in spongey bones, at the ends of long bones, and in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis

Question 18

What is endochondral ossification

Answer 18

• The process by which the bones develop from cartilage
• bones are constantly remodeled by osteoblasts and osteoclasts
• bone growth continues until all cartilage is transformed into bone

Question 19

What are articulations (joints)

Answer 19

• Where two bones join

- ligaments hold the bones of the joints together

Question 20

Synarthrosis

Answer 20

Bones are fused together (can’t move)

Question 21

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 21

Cartilage and strong ligaments connect bones (allows for partial movement)

Question 22

Diathrosis

Answer 22

Allows for full movement in a joint

Question 23

Examples of diathrosis joints

Answer 23

Hinge - elbow, knee
Ball + socket - shoulder, hip
Pivot - vertebra of neck
Saddle - thumb
Gliding - between vertebra
Condyloid - wrist

Question 24

The bones of a synovial joint are surrounded by a __________

Answer 24

Synovial capsule

Question 25

Synovial capsules secrete _________ _________ to lubricate and nourish the joint

Answer 25

Synovial fluid

Question 26

The ends of the joint bones are covered with smooth, glass-like ________ ________ (reduces friction)

Answer 26

Hyaline cartilage