Bones and Joints of the Thoracic Wall

Question 1

What does the thoracic wall enclose?

Answer 1

Left and right pleural cavities containing the lungs

Mediastinum

Question 2

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 2

Middle structure containing the heart within the pericardial cavity.

Question 3

What is the name given to the middle structure containing the heart within the pericardial cavity?

Answer 3

Mediastinum.

Question 4

How are the thoracic wall cavities described?

Answer 4

Closed sacs.

Question 5

What is the function of the thoracic wall?

Answer 5

To protect the contents of the sac, yet permit the movements associated with respiration.

Question 6

What is the thoracic wall comprised of anteriorly?

Answer 6

Sternum.

Question 7

What is the thoracic wall comprised of posteriorly?

Answer 7

Vertebrae T1-T12.

Question 8

What is the thoracic wall comprised of laterally?

Answer 8

Ribs 1-12.

Question 9

What are noticeable points of the sternum?

Answer 9

Manubrium
Sternal body
Xiphoid process
Jugular notch

Question 10

What bones articulate at the superolateral angle of the manubrium?

Answer 10

Clavicle bones.

Question 11

What is the joint between the sternum and clavicle called?

Answer 11

Sternoclavicular joint.

Question 12

What does the sternoclavicular joint do?

Answer 12

Articulates the manubrium of the sternum with the clavicles.

Question 13

What type of joint is the sternoclavicularl joint?

Answer 13

Synovial.

Question 14

What is the name given to the median notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium?

Answer 14

Jugular notch.

Question 15

What is the jugular notch?

Answer 15

Median notch formed by the superior border of the manubrium.

Question 16

Where is the Xiphoid process located?

Answer 16

Tip of the sternum in the inferior T9-T10 region.

Question 17

What is the sternomanubrial joint?

Answer 17

The articulation between the sternal body and the manubrium.

Question 18

What is the articulation between the sternal body and the manubrium called?

Answer 18

Sternomanubrial joint.

Question 19

What facets articulationse the sternal body and manubrium?

Answer 19

Facets for the 2nd costal cartilage.

Question 20

What type of joint is sternomanubrial joint?

Answer 20

Symphysis.

Question 21

What is the sternal angle often used for?

Answer 21

Location of cardiopulmonary positions in auscultation.

Question 22

What can be identified on a normal rib?

Answer 22

Head
Neck
Tubercle
Rounded superior border
Sharp inferior borders
Costal sulcus/groove

Question 23

What ribs are true ribs?

Answer 23

Ribs 1-7.

Question 24

What are true ribs described as?

Answer 24

Vertebrosternal.

Question 25

What ribs are false ribs?

Answer 25

Ribs 8-12.

Question 26

What are false ribs described as?

Answer 26

Vertebrochondral.

Question 27

What are the floating ribs?

Answer 27

Ribs 11-12.

Question 28

What are the floating ribs described as?

Answer 28

Vertebral ribs.

Question 29

What are the vertebral ribs?

Answer 29

Floating ribs.

Question 30

What are the vertebrochondral ribs?

Answer 30

False ribs.

Question 31

What are the vertebrosternal ribs?

Answer 31

True ribs.

Question 32

What rib is atypical?

Answer 32

First rib.

Question 33

How is the first rib described?

Answer 33

Short, wide and flat articulating with only a single vertebra.

Question 34

Why is the first rib atypical?

Answer 34

Only articulates with a single vertebra.

Question 35

What vertebra does the first rib articulate with?

Answer 35

T1.

Question 36

What can be additionally seen in the first rib?

Answer 36

Scalene tubercle Subclavian artery groove Subclavian vein groove

Question 37

What is the scalene tubercle?

Answer 37

Tubercle for attachment of the anterior scalene muscle of the neck, an accessory respiratory muscle.

Question 38

What tubercle is for the attachment of the anterior scalene muscle of the neck?

Answer 38

Scalene tubercle.

Question 39

What is the anterior scalene muscle of the neck used for?

Answer 39

Accessory respiratory muscle.

Question 40

What grooves are present in the first rib?

Answer 40

Grooves for the subclavian artery and subclavian vein.

Question 41

What groove on the first rib is posterior to scalene tubercle?

Answer 41

Groove for the subclavian vein.

Question 42

What vessels act as the chief blood supply to and from the upper limb and pass from the neck to the axilla between the clavicle and first rib?

Answer 42

Subclavian artery and vein.

Question 43

What develops in approximately 0.5% of the population?

Answer 43

Additional cervical rib from the transverse process of the C7 vertebrae.

Question 44

What can the development of an additional cervical rib result in?

Answer 44

Compression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus Paraesthesia of the medial side of the upper limb Wasting of the small muscles in the hand

Question 45

What can be seen in a typical thoracic vertebra?

Answer 45

``` Body Demi-facets on body Vertebral foramen Intervertebtal foramen Pedicle Lamina Transverse process Articular facet Spinous process ```

Question 46

How are thoracic vertebrae distinguished?

Answer 46

Long, broad spinous process | Spinous process is sloped downwards and is non-bifid

Question 47

How is the spinous process of thoracic vertebrae different from others?

Answer 47

Long Broad Sloped downwards Non-bifid (doesn't fork)

Question 48

What do the pedicles and laminae form in thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 48

Neural (vertebral) arch enclosing the spinal cord.

Question 49

What structure in thoracic vertebrae encloses the spinal cord?

Answer 49

Neural (vertebral) arch.

Question 50

What structures of the thoracic vertebrae form the neural/vertebral arch?

Answer 50

Laminae | Pedicles

Question 51

What vertebral bodies does a typical rib articulate with?

Answer 51

Vertebral body of the same number as rib The vertebral body of the one immediately above (e.g. Rib 2 = T2 and T1)

Question 52

What is the most common chest injury?

Answer 52

Rib fractures.

Question 53

What ribs are most commonly fractured and why?

Answer 53

Ribs 5-10 ad they are relatively more exposed and fixed.