Bones and Joints of the Vetebral Column, Sternum, and Ribs Flashcards
(48 cards)
1
Q
Spondylosis
2
Q
discospondylitis (a.k.a vertebral osteomyelitis)
A
- deformities of the vertebrae usually resulting from blood borne infections
- vertebral deterioration
- painful
3
Q
discospondylosis
A
- non-infectious fusion or degeneration of the vertebrae
- usually not painful but can be
- usually an incidental finding
4
Q
vertebral formula for dog/cat
A
C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd 20
5
Q
vertebral formula of the horse
A
C 7 T18 L6 S5 Cd 20
6
Q
Vertebral formula of cow/bull
A
C7 T13 L6 S5 Cd 20
7
Q
Bony component of the ribs
A
- head
- neck
- tubercle
- body
8
Q
cartilaginous component of the ribs
A
costal cartilage-articulates with the sternum
9
Q
Costochodral Junction
A
where body of teh ribs meets the costal cartilage
10
Q
vertebrosternal ribs
A
- “true” ribs T1-9
- articulate directly with sternum
11
Q
vertebrochondral ribs
A
- “false” ribs T10-12
- articulate with costal cartilage of the rib located cranial to it
- forms the costal arch
12
Q
vertebral rib
A
“floating” rib, T13
-no sternal attachment
13
Q
intercostal space
A
- the space between subsequent ribs
- location of internal and exterrnal intercostal muscles
14
Q
sternum
A
- 8 sternebrae joined by intersternebral cartilages
- 1st: manubrium
- 8th: xiphoid process, xiphoid cartilage
15
Q
articulation of ribs with the vertebrae
A
- head of ribs 1-10 articulate with the costal fovea of two contiguous and the intervening fibrocartilage
- ribs 11-13, the head articulates with only the cranial costal fovea on the body of the verebrea of the same number
- the tubercle of the ribs articulates with the costal fovea of the transverse process of the vertebrae of the same number
16
Q
Atlanto-Occipital Joint
A
- between the occipital condyles (skull) and cranial articular foveae of the atlas
- “yes” joint
17
Q
Atlanto-Axial Joint
A
- between the caudal articular surface of the atlas and teh cranial articular surface of the axis
- dens of the axis rests in the fovea dentis of atlas=pivot joint
- “no” joint
18
Q
transverse ligament of the atlas
A
- holds dens against povea dentis
- stabilizes atlanto-axial joint
19
Q
apical ligament of the dens and the alar ligaments
A
- holds dens to the floor of the vertebral canal
- stabilizes the atlanto-axial joint
20
Q
intervertebral dics
A
- comprised of: anulus fribrosus and nucleus pulposus
- no IVD between atlas and axis
21
Q
supraspinous ligament
A
-fibrous connective tissue that connects the apices of the spinous processes (Cd3-T1)
22
Q
Nuchal Ligament
A
- extends from spine of the axis to the spine of T1
- extends to nuchal crest in large animals
- not present in cats
23
Q
ventral longitudinal ligament
A
-on ventral surface of the vertebral bodies; mid-sagittal plane
24
Q
dorsal longitudinal ligament
A
-on the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies, ventral to the spinal cord;mid-sagittal plane
25
intercapital ligament
- connects the heads of left and right rib sets 1-10
- dorsal to IVD and ventral to dorsal longitudinal ligament
- lends extra support to IVD in thracic region: less liking to have dorsally bulging discs
26
epaxial group
- lie dorsal to the transverse process of the vertebrae
- extensors of teh vertebral column
27
hypaxial group
- lie ventral to vertebral bodies
- main flexors of the vertebral column
28
transversopinalis system
- medial group
- extends from the sacrum to the head
- includes: spenius, semispinalis capitis (biventer cervicis and cmplexus)
29
longissimus system
- intermediate group
- longissimus thoracis and lumborum
- longissimus cervicis
- longissimus capitis
30
iliocostalis system
- lateral group
- lumborum and thoracis
31
all epaxial muscles
-lie deep to and are enveloped by thoracolumbar fascia
32
hypaxial muscles
- longus coli
- longus capitis
- "columns" formed by these muscles represent the dorsal border of the cervical visceral space
33
cervical visceral space continuous with..
medialstinal space within the thoracic cavity
34
contents of cervical visceral space
- trachea
- esophagus
- carotid sheath
35
inspiration
- muscle increase volume of thoracic cavity
- diaphram
- serratus dorsalis cranialis
- external intercostals
36
expiration
- muscles that decrease volumn in thoracic cavity
- serratus dorsalis caudalis
- internal intercostals
37
COPD
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- heave lines prominant in horses:forced expiration
38
common features of all vertebrae
- vertebral body
- vertebral arch
- vertebral foramen
- vertebral notches
- spinous process
- bilateral transverse processes
- articular processes
39
cervical vertebrae
- transverse foramen: in all cervical vertebrae except C7
- form lateral vertebral canal which the artery, vein and nerve run through
40
atlas
- C1
- reduced/flattened body
- dorsal tubercle serves as spinous process: lacks "true" spine
- lateral vertebral foramenia
41
axis
- C2
- spinous process is elongated
42
C6
- ventral expansion of the transverse process
- easily identifiable on x rays
43
thoracic vertebrae
- elongated spinous processes
- cranial and caudal costal fovea for articulation with head of the ribs
- transverse (costal) forveae for articulation with the tubercle of the ribs
44
T1-10
spines incline caudally
45
T11
-spine is vertical, anticlinal vertebrae
46
T12-13
spines incline cranially
47
lumbar vertebrae
-large, ovoid-shaped
body
- broad spinous and transverse processes, directed cranially
- articular surfaces are sagitally oriented
48
sacrum
- fusion of S1-3 in dogs and cats
- auricular surface articulates with the ilium to complete the pelvic girdle
- sacral promontory-dorsal boundary of the pelvic inlet
- median sacral crest=fused spinous processes of S1-3
