Bones and Muscles + Movement (Forearm and Hand)

Question 1

Anterior compartment

Answer 1

Function: pronation, wrist and digit flexion
Nerve: median n. and ant. interosseous n.
Blood: radial and ulnar aa. (+ ant. interosseous a.)

Question 2

Posterior compartment

Answer 2

Function: supination, wrist and digit extension
Nerve: deep radial n.
Blood: posterior interosseous a.

Question 3

Radius

Answer 3

Proximal: head, neck, tuberosity
Distal: Styloid process

Question 4

Ulna

Answer 4

Proximal: olecranon, trochlear notch, coronoid, tuberosity
Distal: styloid process

Question 5

Radioulnar joints

Answer 5

Really 3 joints (2 synovial, proximal and distal radioulnar jj. and 1 firbrous, interosseous membrane)

Support: radial and ulnar collaterl ligaments and the annular ligament

Clinical: radial dislocation inferiorly

Movement: pronation and supination

Question 6

Radiocarpal joints

Answer 6

Support: radiocarpal ligaments and collateral ligaments

Clinical: FOOSH leads to dislocation or fracture of distal radius or commonly a scaphoid fracture

Movement: flexion/extension, ab/dduction, circumduction

Question 7

Anterior forearm layers

Answer 7

Superficial: forearm pronation, wrist flexion

intermediate: digit flexion
deep: forearm pronation and digit flexion

Question 8

Pronator teres (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm)

Answer 8

forearm pronation
median n.
medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna to radius

Question 9

Flexor carpi radialis (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm)

Answer 9

wrist flexion and abduction
median n.
medial epicondyle of humerus to metacarpals

Question 10

Palmaris longus (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm) (mising im some)

Answer 10

wrist flexion
median n.
medial epicondyle of humerus to palmar aponeurosis

Question 11

Flexor carpi ulnaris (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm)

Answer 11

Wrist flexion and adduction
ulnar n.
medial epicondyle of humerus to pisiform

Question 12

Flexor digitorum superficialis (superficial/intermediate anterior forearm)

Answer 12

Flexion at PIPs
medial n.
medial humeral epicondyle to middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Question 13

Pronator quadratus (deep anterior forearm)

Answer 13

Forearm pronation
anterior interosseous n. (branch of median)
ulna to radius

Question 14

Flexor digitorum profundus (deep anterior forearm)

Answer 14

Flexion at DIPs
anterior interosseous n. (branch of median) (digits 1 and 2)
ulnar n. (digits 3 and 4)
ulna to distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Question 15

Flexor pollicis longus

Answer 15

Flexion of distal phalanx of thumb
anterior interosseous (branch of median n.)
Radius to distal phalanx of thumb

Question 16

Posterior forearm layers

Answer 16

Superficial: wrist and digit extension

Deep: forearm supination, extension of thumb and index finger, and thumb abduction

Question 17

Blood to the posterior forearm

Answer 17

Posterior interosseous a.

Question 18

Nerves to the posterior forearm

Answer 18

radial n. to brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
deep radial n. to supinator and extensor carpi radialis brevis
posterior interosseous n. (from deep radial n.) gets rest of posterior forearm

Question 19

Brachioradialis (superficial posterior forearm)

Answer 19

Flexion of foream at elbow
radial n.
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus to the radius

Question 20

Extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial posterior forearm)

Answer 20

Wrist extension and abduction
radial n.
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus to metacarpals

Question 21

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (superficial posterior forearm)

Answer 21

Wrist extension and abduction
deep radial n.
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus) to metacarpal

Question 22

Extensor digitorum (superficial posterior forearm)

Answer 22

Extension of digits 2-5
Posterior interosseous n.
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus) to phalanges of 2-5

Question 23

Extensor digiti minimi (superficial posterior forearm)

Answer 23

Extensor of digit 5
Posterior interosseous n.
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus) to phalanges of 5th digit

Question 24

Extensor carpi ulnaris (superficial posterior forearm)

Answer 24

Extension and adduction of wrist
posterior interosseous n.
Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle of humerus) to metacarpals

Question 25

Supinator (deep posterior forearm)

Answer 25

supination of forearm deep radial n. Lateral epicondyle of humerus to and ulna to the radius

Question 26

Abductor pollicis longus (deep posterior forearm)

Answer 26

abduction of thumb posterior interosseous n. ulna to first metacarpal

Question 27

Extensor pollicis brevis (deep posterior forearm)

Answer 27

extension of thumb posterior interosseous n. interosseous membrane to proximal phalanx of thumb

Question 28

Extensor pollicis longus (deep posterior forearm)

Answer 28

extension of thumb posterior interosseous n. interosseous membrane to distal phalanx of thumb

Question 29

Extensor indicis (deep posterior forearm)

Answer 29

Extension of 2nd digit posterior interosseous n. ulna to 2nd metacarpal

Question 30

Proximal carpals (radial to ulnar)

Answer 30

scaphoid- articulate to distal radius lunate- articulate to distal radius triquetrum pisiform- lies within tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris (sesamoid)

Question 31

Distal carpals (ulnar to distal)

Answer 31

hamate- ulnar a. and n. pass lateral to it's hook capitate trapezoid trapezium- to thumb MC

Question 32

Hand bones

Answer 32

``` 5 metacarpals 14 phalanges (2 for digit 1, and 3 each for digits 2-5) ```

Question 33

Thumb carpometacarpal joint

Answer 33

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and opposition/reposition

Question 34

Metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPs)

Answer 34

flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction

Question 35

Interphalangeal (PIPs and DIPs)

Answer 35

flexion/extension

Question 36

The carpal tunnel

Answer 36

median nerve 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Question 37

Thenar eminence (intrinsic hand muscles)

Answer 37

Flexor pollicis brevis- thumb flexion Abductor pollicis brevis- thumb abduction Opponens pollicis- thumb opposition all done by recurrent branch of median n.

Question 38

Hypothenar eminence (intrinsic hand muscles)

Answer 38

Flexor digiti minimi- 5th digit flexion Abductor digiti minimi- 5th digit abduction opponens digiti minimi- 5th digit opposition all done by deep ulnar

Question 39

Intrinsic muscles (intrinsic hand muscles)

Answer 39

Adductor pollicis- thumb adduction Lumbricals- Flexion at MPs and extension at IPs Dorsal interossei- abduction of digits 2-4 Palmar interossei- adduction of digits 2, 4, and 5

Question 40

Hand nerves

Answer 40

median nerve is primary sensory and ulnar is primary motor median does radial 3.5 digits and motors 2LOAF ulnar does rest of palm and rest of hand muscles

Question 41

Blood to hand

Answer 41

Radial and ulnar aa. anastamose into the deep (radial) and superficial (ulnar) palmar arches