Bones and Muscles + Movement (hip and thigh)

Question 1

Abductors of the thigh at the hip

Answer 1

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

Question 2

Medial rotators of thigh at the hip

Answer 2

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

Question 3

Lateral rotators of thigh at the hip

Answer 3

Piriformus, obdurator internus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris, gluteus maximus, obdurator externus

Question 4

Extensors of the thigh at the hip

Answer 4

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings

Question 5

Gluteus maximus (gluteal)

Answer 5

from ilium, dorsal sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
to iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur

inferior gluteal n.

Question 6

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus (gluteal)

Answer 6

from gluteal surface of the ilium to the greater trochanter of the femur

Superior gluteal n.

Question 7

Piriformis (gluteal)

Answer 7

From ventral surface of the sacrum to the greater trochanter

Nerve to piriformis

Question 8

Obdurator internus (gluteal)

Answer 8

From pelvic surface obdurator membrane to the greater trochanter

Nerve to oburator internus

Question 9

Superior gemellus (gluteal)

Answer 9

From Ischial spine to greater trochanter

Nerve to obdurator internus

Question 10

Inferior gemellus (gluteal)

Answer 10

From ischial tuberosity to the greater trochanter

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 11

Quadratus femoris (gluteal)

Answer 11

Ischial tuberosity to quadrate tubercle

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 12

Pelvis

Answer 12

2 bones united by sacrum and pubic symphysis

Actually 3 bones, the ilium, ischium and pubis

All three form the acetabulum (ball for socket of hip)

Ilium: anterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, iliac crest, gluteal surface, greater sciatic notch

Pubis: inferior pubic ramus

Ischium: ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity (hamstrings attachment and seat)

medial: obdurator foramen between pubis and ischium (with obdurator membrane, and obdurator canal)

Question 13

Proximal femur

Answer 13

head and neck: to acetabulum with fovea and fibrocartilagenous labrum

Greater trochanter (anterior): attachment for hip abductors and rotators

Lesser trochanter (posterior): attachment for iliopsoas (hip flexor)

Intertrochanteric line: attachment for iliofemoral ligament

Linea aspera: attachment for hip adductors

Question 14

Ligaments

Answer 14

3 extracapsular: iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, and pubofemoral (all resist hyperextension)

Iliofemoral is strongest

One round ligament of femur is weak intracapsular and contains foveal a.

Question 15

Hip flexion muscles

Answer 15

main: iliopsoas, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris
lesser: pectineus, sartorius, adductors

Question 16

Hip extension muscles

Answer 16

main: gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of biceps femoris
lesser: adductor magnus

Question 17

Hib abductor muscles

Answer 17

main: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
lesser: tensor fascia lata, sartorius, piriformis, obdurator externus

Question 18

Hip adductor muscles

Answer 18

main: Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis
lesser: pectineus, gracilis

Question 19

Medial rotators of the hip

Answer 19

Tensor fascia lata, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Question 20

lateral rotation of the hip

Answer 20

main: obdurator internus, obdurator externus, gemelli, and quadratus femoris
lesser: piriformus, gluteus maximus, sartorius

Question 21

Blood to hip

Answer 21

trochanteric anastamosis of medial and lateral circumflex femoral aa.

Question 22

Hip fracture

Answer 22

Commonly along neck or intertrochanteric line

postmenopausal women or high velocity accidents

avascular necrosis can happen if aa. damaged needing hip reconstruction

Question 23

Congenital hip dislocation

Answer 23

baby girls, mostly left side

can’t abduct and different length legs

Question 24

Acquired dislocation

Answer 24

only really in high velocity accidents
displaces posteriorly
accompanied often by acetabulum or femoral fracture

Question 25

Psoas major (anterior thigh)

Answer 25

Lumbar vertebrae to lesser trochanter L2-3 Ventral rami

Question 26

Iliacus (anterior thigh)

Answer 26

Iliac fossa to lesser trochanter Femoral n.

Question 27

Tensor fascia lata (anterior thigh)

Answer 27

ASIS to IT band Superior gluteal n.

Question 28

Sartorius (anterior thigh)

Answer 28

ASIS to medial tibia Femoral n.

Question 29

Rectus femoris (anterior thigh)

Answer 29

AIIS to patella Femoral n.

Question 30

Vastus intermedius (anterior thigh)

Answer 30

Femur to patella Femoral n.

Question 31

Vastus lateralis (anterior thigh)

Answer 31

Femur to patella Femoral n.

Question 32

Vastus medialis (anterior thigh)

Answer 32

Femur to patella Femoral n.

Question 33

Anterior thigh muscle action

Answer 33

Hip flexion: Iliopsoas, sartorius, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris Knee extension: quadriceps femoirs

Question 34

Hip adductors (medial thigh)

Answer 34

Pectineus: pubis to femur; femoral/obdurator n. Adductor longus: pubis to linea aspera of femur; obdurator n. Adductor brevis: pubis to linea aspera of femur; obdurator n. Adductor magnus (as an adductor): pubis to linea aspera of femur; obdurator n. Gracilis: pubis to medial tibia; obdurator n.

Question 35

Hip lateral rotators (medial thigh)

Answer 35

Obdurator externus: external surface of obdurator membrane; obdurator n.

Question 36

Hip extenders (medial thigh)

Answer 36

Hamstring part of adductor magnus: Ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle of femur; tibial n.

Question 37

Knee flexion

Answer 37

Gracilis: pubis to medial tibia; obdurator n.

Question 38

Hip extenders (posterior thigh)

Answer 38

Semitendinosus: Ischial tuberosity to medial tibia; tibial n. Semimembranosus: Ischial tuberosity to medial tibia; tibial n. Adductor magnus: Ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle of femur; tibial n. Long head of biceps femoris: ischial tuberosity to head of fibula; tibial n.

Question 39

Knee flexors (posterior thigh)

Answer 39

Semitendinosus: Ischial tuberosity to medial tibia; tibial n. Semimembranosus: Ischial tuberosity to medial tibia; tibial n. Long head of biceps femoris: ischial tuberosity to head of fibula; tibial n. Short head of biceps femoris: linea aspera of femur to head of fibula; common fibular n.

Question 40

Femoral sheath

Answer 40

Lateral to medial: NAVL (nerve not in sheath) | femoral hernias into the femoral canal where the lymphatics are; pass posterior to inguinal ligament