Bones General

Question 1

How many bones are in a typical human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Where is elastic cartilage found?

Answer 2

In the ear & the epiglottis

Question 3

Sesamoid bone

Answer 3

An extra bone that develops, likely due to repetitive movement

Question 4

Endochondral ossification

Answer 4

The process in which bone develops from a cartilage template

Question 5

3 types of cartilage

Answer 5

Hyaline, elastic, fibrous

Question 6

What develops from hyaline cartilage?

Answer 6

Respiratory tract, fetal skeleton, growth plates, & joints

Question 7

Where is fibrocartilage found?

Answer 7

Intervertebral disks between the vertebrae (can withstand pressure)

Question 8

Hematopoiesis

Answer 8

The process of making blood cells that occurs in the red bone marrow

Question 9

Epiphysis

Answer 9

The end of a bone (can be distal or proximal)

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

Projection off a bone that tendons attach to

Question 11

What are the two main minerals stored in bone?

Answer 11

Calcium & phosphate

Question 12

Erythropoietin

Answer 12

A hormone produced by kidneys that stimulates the formation of red blood cells

Question 13

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 13

Inactive & mostly fat! Found in the diaphysis

Question 14

Red bone marrow

Answer 14

Active! Found in the sponge bone of the epiphysis

Question 15

Example of a long bone

Answer 15

Femur

Question 16

Example of a flat bone

Answer 16

Parietal

Question 17

Example of an irregular bone

Answer 17

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 18

Example of a short bone

Answer 18

Cuboidal bone

Question 19

Diaphysis

Answer 19

The central shaft of a bone

Question 20

Endosteum

Answer 20

The lining on the inside of the medullary cavity

Question 21

Nutrient foraman

Answer 21

A gap in the bone that allows for the passage of blood vessels

Question 22

What kind of cartilage covers an epiphysis?

Answer 22

Hyaline cartilage

Question 23

osteoblast

Answer 23

a type of cell that builds new bones

Question 24

osteocyte

Answer 24

a matured bone cell that is stuck in place (no longer growing)

Question 25

osteoclast

Answer 25

a type of cell that degrades old bone (releases all the minerals into the bloodstream)

Question 26

what does pulling on the periosteum cause

Answer 26

widening/thickening of bone width (stimulates osteoblast activity)

Question 27

epiphyseal growth plate

Answer 27

allows bones to increase in length! (hyaline cartilage grows first and is then ossified)

Question 28

epiphyseal line

Answer 28

what replaces the epiphyseal growth plate once it ossifies

Question 29

cancellous bone

Answer 29

spongy bone

Question 30

compact bone

Answer 30

dense bone (found on the edges)

Question 31

Diploe

Answer 31

a bone sandwich! Spongy bone found between layers of compact bone (in the skull)

Question 32

intramembranous ossification

Answer 32

the process of bone formation directly from mesenchymal stem cells without a cartilage template

Question 33

What vitamin stimulates osteoblasts?

Answer 33

Vitamin A

Question 34

What vitamin is needed for collagen synthesis

Answer 34

Vitamin C

Question 35

What vitamin is needed for absorption of Ca and Pi?

Answer 35

Vitamin D

Question 36

A deficiency in which vitamin causes rickets?

Answer 36

Vitamin D

Question 37

Pathologic fracture

Answer 37

the break occurs in a diseased bone

Question 38

Spiral fracture

Answer 38

break occurs in response to severe twisting

Question 39

Comminuted fracture

Answer 39

break results in multiple bone fragments (3+)

Question 40

Greenstick fractures

Answer 40

incomplete break! one side of the bone breaks, while the other side is only bent (commonly found in children)

Question 41

displaced fracture

Answer 41

the break moves the bone out of anatomical alignment

Question 42

condyle

Answer 42

the round prominence at the end of a bone, most often part of a joint – an articulation with another bone

Question 43

sulcus

Answer 43

a groove or furrow

Question 44

ramus

Answer 44

a branch or projecting portion

Question 45

articulating

Answer 45

form a joint

Question 46

tubercle

Answer 46

a small rounded projection or protuberance

Question 47

alveolus

Answer 47

the bony socket that the root of a tooth fits in to

Question 48

trochanter

Answer 48

specific to the femur! a type of tubercle near the femurs joint with the hip bone

Question 49

fossa

Answer 49

a flattened, shallow depression

Question 50

facet joints

Answer 50

pairs of small joints in between the vertebrae in the back of the spine