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The Lower Extremity > Bones, joints and muscles of pelvic and hip region > Flashcards

Bones, joints and muscles of pelvic and hip region Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary functions of the pelvis?

A
  1. provides a stable base of support for HAT ( head, arm and trunk complex)
  2. contains visceral organs
  3. transmits and absorbs forces to and from HAT superiorly and LE inferiorly
    * Power production ( closed chain functions) rather than mobility
    - - Note: Closed chain functions- distal portion is fixed
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2
Q

Subject Pelvis

What does the pelvic girdle consist of?

A
  • Right and left pelvic bones joined by axial skeleton via the sacrum and fifth lumbar vertebrae posteriorly.
  • Right and left hemi-pelvis meets at pubic symphysis anteriorly.
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3
Q

What is the pelvis made up of?

A

The pelvis is made up of 3 bones fused together that also contribute to the formation of the acetabulum (socket where femur fits in)

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4
Q

Check out pick of the pelvis’ fused Segments (3)

What are these segments?

A
  • Anterior/superior ilium
  • Posterior ischium
  • anterior/inferior pubis
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5
Q

bony structure of pelvis: What is the greater sciatic notch?

A
  • where the sciatic nerve travels and piriformis muscle spans across
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6
Q

Bony structure of pelvis: obturator foramen-what is it?

A

vessels and nerves travel through foramen to LE

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7
Q

ILIUM- Basic Info- Read it

A
  • located anteriorly and superiorly
  • Bones that you feel when you “put your hands on your hips”
  • The ilium’s large surface area provides numerous attachment sites for many muscles
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8
Q

Description of ASIS and PSIS of ilium

A
  • Most anterior and superior aspect of the iliac crest is anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • ASIS is attachment site for sartorius and tensor fascia latae
  • Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) follow posteriorly (Left and right PSIS)
  • inferior to each PSIS is a depression which is the location of the sacroiliac joint.
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9
Q

What is the Ischium?

A

ISCHIUM

  • Posterior inferior bone of the pelvis
  • Contributes 40% of acetabulum
  • Palpable feature: ischial tuberosity, weight bearing prominence
  • ischial ramus: extends medially from body of ischium to connect to rams of pubis
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10
Q

What is the ischial tuberosity?

A

The SITS Bones

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11
Q

Describe features of the pubis

A
  • Antero-inferior portion of the pelvis

- Symphysis pubis: amphiarthrodial connection between two pubic bones (JOINT)

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12
Q

Describe the FEMUR and its relationship w the hip

A
  • Articulates with hip proximally and tibia at knee distally
  • Longest and strongest bone in the body
  • Greater trochanter: provides attachment for gluteus medius and lateral rotator muscles
  • Lesser trochanter: located medially and inferiorly to greater trochanter
  • linea aspera- adductor muscle origin
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13
Q

Describe Tibia and Fibula

A
  • Tibia bears 90% of body weight
  • Most distal aspect of tibia is the medial malleolus.
  • Fibula- carries only 10% of body weight,
  • Fibula is a non weight-bearing bone; main function is site for muscle attachments
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14
Q

HIP JOINT info AKA acetabulofemoral articulation

A

Acetabulofemoral articulation:

  • Diarthrodial- mobility
  • Triaxial- 3 planes of movement
  • Ball and socket
  • High congruency ( meaning hard to disclocate) and firm connective tissue between femoral head and acetabulum = Joint stability
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15
Q

More Info on Hip Joint

A
  • Acetabulofemoral joint: structurally stable and very mobile.
  • transmits large forces between trunk and ground
  • Works with body’s locomotion system (hip abductor muscles on weight-bearing leg have to counterbalance 85% of body’s weight during each step)
  • elevates and lowers the body
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16
Q

Hip Joint Movements- Pelvic motion on Femur

A
  • Pelvic motion on femur (ex. leaning over to pick up and object from the floor)
    1. Anterior/posterior tilt- sagittal plane
    2. Lateral tilt- frontal plane
    3. Protraction/ retraction- transverse plane
17
Q

Hip Joint Movements: Femur on Pelvis

A
  • Femur on pelvis (ex. Flexing hip to step up onto a step)
    1. Flexion/extension-sagittal plane
    2. abduction/adduction- frontal plane
    3. medial/lateral rotation- transverse plane
18
Q

Hip Joint (Info about the socket)

A
  • “Superior periphery of acetabulum” (where the socket is) is lined with hyaline cartilage where weight-bearing occurs
  • Inferiorly lies the acetabular fossa which is structurally deep and does not come into contact with the femoral head.
  • Acetabular fossa has proprioceptors that provide joint sensory input; contains synovial fluid which is secreted for joint lubrication during weight-bearing.
19
Q

Name the 5 Hip Flexor Muscles

A
  1. Iliopsoas (indigo)
  2. Rectus Femoris (Red)
  3. Sartorius (Silver)
  4. Pectineus (Pink)
  5. Tensor Fascia Latae (Teal)
20
Q

Iliopsoas (INDIGO)

A

A: Hip flexion
O: iliac fossa, anterior and lateral surfaces of T12 through L5
I: lesser trochanter of the femur
N: iliacus portion: Femoral nerve
Psoas major portion: L2 and L3
*** Strongest hip flexor; contributes to limb shortening and advancement during swing phase of gait.

21
Q

Rectus Femoris RED

A

A: Hip flexion, knee extension
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
I: tibial tuberosity
N: Femoral nerve

22
Q

Sartorius SILVER

A

A: Combination of hip flexion, hip abduction, lateral rotation and knee flexion
O: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
I: proximal medial aspect of tibia
N: Femoral nerve
** Longest muscle in the body; brings the leg into a cross legged sitting position (by flexing, abducting and laterally rotating)

23
Q

Pectineus PINK

A

A: Hip flexion and adduction
O: superior ramus of pubis
I: pectineal line of femur
N: femoral nerve

24
Q

Tensor fascia latae TEAL

A

A. combined hip flexion and abduction
O: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
I: lateral condyle of tibia
N: superior gluteal nerve

25
Q

Name the Adductor Group of hip muscles (4)

A
  1. Adductor Longus
  2. Adductor Brevis
  3. Adductor Magnus
  4. Gracilis
26
Q

Adductor Longus

A

A: hip adduction
O: pubis
I: Middle one-third of linea aspera
N: obturator

27
Q

Adductor Brevis (short)

A

A: Hip adduction
O: pubis
I: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
N: obturator

28
Q

adductor Magnus

A

A: hip adduction
O: ischium and pubis
I: entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle
N: obturator and sciatic nerves

29
Q

Gracilis

A

A: Hip adduction
O: Pubis
I: anterior medial surface of proximal end of tibia
N: obturator

The Lower Extremity (1 decks)

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