Bones, joints, soft tissues (slides 66-159)

Question 0

True or false; osteosarcomas are aggressive malignancies most often forming at knee

Answer 0

true

Question 1

What is the MC primary bone cancer

Answer 1

Osteosarcoma

Question 2

“Codman’s Triangle” and/or sundburst appearance on X-Ray appears in patients with what disorder?

Answer 2

Osteosarcoma

Question 3

True or false; typically osteosarcomas are not painful

Answer 3

false; typically very painful

Question 4

True or false; cartilage forming tumors are MC benign

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Osteochondroma - a benign tumor of cartilage MC forms where?

Answer 5

Knee

Question 6

True or false; osteochondromas are typically multiple in presentation

Answer 6

false; MC solitary - multiple are hereditary (comes with increased sarcoma risk)

Question 7

A patient with hereditary multiple osteochondromas are typically what age group and gender?

Answer 7

10-30 year old males`

Question 8

Are chondromas typically benign or malignant? Unilateral or bilateral? Are they painful?

Answer 8

Benign

MC unilateral

MC asymptomatic

Question 9

Chondromas found in the hand are MC where?

Answer 9

Proximal phalanges

Question 10

What is more common, chondrosarcomas or osteochondromas

Answer 10

osteochondromas

Question 11

True or false; chondrosarcomas are MC found intramedullary and rare in distal extremities

Answer 11

true

Question 12

There are two kinds of chondrosarcomas - Low-grade and High-grade; which is MC? Are they both painful?

Answer 12

Low-grade MC

Yes

Question 13

High-grade chondrosarcomas are less common than low-grade, but are more likely to metastasize. Where is MC place they would metastasize to?

Answer 13

Lungs

Question 14

Where would you most likely find chondrosarcomas?

Answer 14

Shoulder, pelvis, or proximal femur

Question 15

Which malignant bone tumor contains primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs)

Answer 15

Ewing sarcoma

Question 16

True or false; Both fibrous cortical defects (FCD) & Nonossifying fibromas (NOF) are not true neoplasms

Answer 16

true

Question 17

What are fibrous cortical defects and nonossifying fibromas?

Answer 17

Benign lesions: fibroblasts and macrophages

Question 18

Where is the MC place a fibrous cortical defect or nonossifying tumor would occur? Are they typically painful?

Answer 18

MC distal femur (knee)

MC asymptomatic

Question 19

True or false; typically nonossifying tumors and fibrous cortical defects self resolve in 2-3 years

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What is fibrous dysplasia? Where do they all come from

Answer 20

Benign lesion - failure of bony differentiation

All from spontaneous GNAS mutations

Question 21

What are the two kinds of fibrous dysplasia? Which is MC?

Answer 21

Monostotic (one bone effected)

Polyostotic (more than one bone)

Monostotic MC

Question 22

In monostotic fibrous dysplasia what is the MC bone effected? is it present at birth?

Answer 22

Ribs

No, typically between ages 10-30

Question 23

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia which is less common than monostotic effects more than one bone. Which bones are MC effected? Is it more progressive than monostotic?

Answer 23

Femur

Yes - very progressive

Question 24

True or false; Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia MC effects the femurs just like Paget disease. How do the two diseases differ?

Answer 24

Paget - effects whole shaft of femur FB - just near the neck

Question 25

What are the 1st and 2nd MC pediatric bone caners

Answer 25

1st - osteosarcoma 2nd - Ewing sarcoma

Question 26

True or false; Ewing sarcoma MC effects caucasian males between the age of 10-20 in the femur

Answer 26

true

Question 27

What bone cancer presents with "onion-skinning" and "sunburtst" periosteum

Answer 27

Ewing sarcoma

Question 28

True or false; Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are associated with homer-wright rosettes

Answer 28

true

Question 29

Where are giant cell tumors of bone MC

Answer 29

knee

Question 30

True or false; giant-cell tumors of bone cause arthritis like pain and decreased range of motion

Answer 30

true

Question 31

True or false; secondary metastasis to bone is MC than primary bone cancers

Answer 31

true

Question 32

True or false; Carcinomas differ from their spread to bone because they typically do so via hematogenous circulation

Answer 32

false; Sarcomas - hematogenous Carcinomas - lymphatics

Question 33

True or false; secondary metastasis to bone MC occurs in axial skeleton

Answer 33

true

Question 34

What is the MC joint disorder?

Answer 34

Osteoarthritis

Question 35

Osteoarthritis causes degeneration of articular cartilage. Which type of cartilage does it effect?

Answer 35

collagen type 2

Question 36

What is the difference between primary and secondary osteoarthritis

Answer 36

primary - insidious - no trauma - adults Secondary - predisposing injury - trauma - obesity - systemic disease

Question 37

Where are the MC places Males get OA? What about Females?

Answer 37

Males - hips Females - knees and hands

Question 38

True or false; eburnation (ivory sign) is a clear sing of OA

Answer 38

true

Question 39

True or false; subchondral cysts are common in OA

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What kind of hypersensitivity reaction is RA?

Answer 40

type 4

Question 41

What kind of arthritis are Bouchard's nodes associated with? What about Heberden's?

Answer 41

Bouchard's - RA Heberden's - OA

Question 42

What is ankylosis? Does it occur in OA? What about RA?

Answer 42

fusion of bones at joint space OA - No RA - eventually yes

Question 43

True or false; Boucher's nodes and swan-neck deformity are both associated with OA

Answer 43

false; both associated with RA

Question 44

What is Pannus? What kind of arthritis is it associated with?

Answer 44

Destruction of articular spaces RA

Question 45

Which arthritis is autoimmune, inflammatory and associated with ankylosis

Answer 45

RA

Question 46

Which arthritis is degenerative - non-inflammatory, no ankylosis

Answer 46

OA

Question 47

True or false; unlike normal RA juvenile RA effects large joints instead of small joints

Answer 47

true

Question 48

What is Marie-Strumpell disease synonymous with?

Answer 48

Ankylosing spondylitis

Question 49

What is ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 49

axial skeleton : inflammation and ankylosis

Question 50

True or false; 95% of ankyosing spondylitis patients are positive for HLA-B27 gene

Answer 50

true

Question 51

What is the difference between primary and secondary gout

Answer 51

Primary - hyperuricemia (increased uric acid production) Secondary - co-morbid - leukemia, renal disease, lead poisoning

Question 52

What is the other name for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease? (CPPD)

Answer 52

Pseudogout

Question 53

Calcific tendinitis is MC where?

Answer 53

Rotator cuff muscles

Question 54

What is another name for hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD)

Answer 54

calcific tendinitis

Question 55

True or false; infectious arthritis (septic arthritis) is MC caused by bacteria - specifically staph aureus

Answer 55

true

Question 56

Suppurative (pus forming) arthritis MC infects what joint?

Answer 56

knee

Question 57

True or false; lyme disease if left untreated can lead to lyme arthritis

Answer 57

true

Question 58

An epithelium lined cavity in the body containing liquid or semisolid material best describes what?

Answer 58

a cyst

Question 59

What is the main difference between a ganglion and synovial cyst?

Answer 59

Ganglion - no communication with synovial joint Synovial cyst - does communicate with synovial joint

Question 60

What is a synovial cyst in the popliteal fossa called?

Answer 60

baker cyst

Question 61

True or false; tenosynovial giant cell tumors are rare in the sense that they are benign yet aggressive

Answer 61

true