Bones, Joints, Tumors

Question 1

osteonecrosis aka

Answer 1

Avascular Necrosis (AVN)

Question 2

Dysostosis is what type of disorder?

Answer 2

Congenital disorder

Question 3

Dysotosis is described as what kind of developemental disorder?

Answer 3

developmental anomaly of bone

Question 4

Factors of Dysotosis include which of the following:
Abnormal mesenchymal migration
Defective ossification of fetal cartilage
Sporadic (isolated) or part of syndrome
Homeobox gene alterations?

Answer 4

All of them

Question 5

The structural development during embryologic development is considered what?

Answer 5

Homeobox gene

Question 6

Dysostosis has which 3 components?

Answer 6

Aplasia
Supernumerary digits
Abnormal fusion of bones

Question 7

Dysplasia is considered mutations in what aspect of physiology?

Answer 7

mutations interfere with growth or homeostasis

Question 8

Dysplasia can manifest into what disorder?

Answer 8

Dwarfism

Question 9

Dysostosis is associated with Klippel–Feil syndrome and is characterized as:

Answer 9

Idiopathic Congenital fusion of any 2 cervical vertebrae

Sprengel’s Deformity (protruding scapula)

Question 10

This malformation is the most common congenital malformation of the limbs, 1: 2000-3000 live births from Dysostosis

Answer 10

Syndactyly

Question 11

Mutations of Type I collagen (α1 or α2 chains)

is associated with what kind of disorder?

Answer 11

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 12

Osteogenesis imperfecta has a heredity classification as

Answer 12

Autosomal dominant

Question 13

Which of the two Osteogenesis imperfecta is the more severe?

Answer 13

Type II: lethal in utero–> Cerebral hemorrhage, respiratory failure

Question 14

Osteogenesis imperfecta is associated with what abnormal characteristic of the eye?

Answer 14

Abnormal collagen of sclera (choroid)- blue

Question 15

Which of the following is the most common disorder resulting in ‘dwarfism’?

Answer 15

Achondroplasia

↓ cartilage synthesis = ↓ growth plate expansion

Question 16

Achondroplasia has been found to have a mutation on which gene?

Answer 16

Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR3) 
Inhibits epiphyseal (growth plate) chondrocytes

Question 17

What percentage of Achondroplasia is autosomal dominant?

Answer 17

25%

Question 18

Thanatophoric dwarfism is what type of disorder?

Answer 18

Achondroplasia;

fatal due to perinatal respiratory failure

Question 19

Trident hand is a sign of which disorder?

Answer 19

Achondroplasia

Question 20

No medulla and Erlenmeyer flask deformity are signs related to what disorder?

Answer 20

Osteopetrosis (congenital)

Question 21

Osteopetrosis has what type of characteristics related to bone?

Answer 21

↓ osteoclast-mediated bone resorption

Skeletal sclerosis

Question 22

Osteoporosis is considered a congenital or acquired disease?

Answer 22

Acquired Disease

Question 23

What T-score of standard deviation (SD) would lead one to believe someone has osteoporosis?

Answer 23

2.5

Question 24

Senile or postmenopausal is considered what type of Osteoporosis?

Answer 24

Primary/Most Common

Question 25

Hyperparathyroidism was what type of effect on the bone?

Answer 25

Degeneration associated with Osteoporosis

Question 26

What type of bone is most commonly affected from osteoporosis?

Answer 26

trabecular bone (cancellous, spongy)