Bones of the upper limb

Question 1

What is the fxn of the pectoral girdle and what bones compose it

Answer 1

Fxn: attach upper limbs to the axial skeleton Composed of: clavicle and scapula

Question 2

What is the fxn of the clavicle

Answer 2

to transmit mech force from the upper limb to the trunk

Question 3

True or False the clavicle is one of the most frequently broken bones of the body

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What portion of the clavicle is typically the site of the fx

Answer 4

the junction of the curves

Question 5

What are the 2 ends of the clavicle

Answer 5

the acromial extremity and the sternal extremity

Question 6

Describe the conoid tubercle

Answer 6

site of attachment of the coracoclavicular ligament

coracoclavicular ligament attaches the
conoid process to the coracoid process of the clavicle

Question 7

How is the scapula held in place posteriorly

Answer 7

only by shoulder and back muscles

Question 8

Describe the acromion

Answer 8

part of the scapula that is the most superior portion the scapula

Question 9

Describe the glenoid cavity

Answer 9

part of the scapula that accepts the head of the humerus

Question 10

Name the 3 edges of the scapula and describe them

Answer 10

1. Medial (vertebral) border= edge closer to the vertebral column
2. Lateral (axial) border= edge closer to the arm
3. Superior border= edge with the acromion process

Question 11

What is the area called where the medial and lateral border meet

Answer 11

the inferior angle

Question 12

What is the area called where the medial and superior border of the scapula meet

Answer 12

the superior angle

Question 13

What is the scapular notch and why is it important

Answer 13

It is indentation on the superior portion of the scapula

fxn: allow passage of the suprascapular nerve

Question 14

What 3 muscles and 3 ligaments attach at the coracoid process of the scapula

Answer 14

Muscles: pectoralis minor, biceps brachii , coracobrachialis

Ligaments: coracoacromial, conoid, trapezoid

Question 15

What are the 3 fossas of the scapula

Answer 15

Anterior surface: subscapular fossa

Posterior surface: supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa

Question 16

What separates the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous process

Answer 16

the spine of the scapula

Question 17

Describe the superior transverse scapular ligament

Answer 17

Ligament that crosses over the scapular notch and transforms into foramen

• the suprascapular nerve travels under the ligament
• the suprascapular artery travels over the ligament

Mnemonic: a navy (nerve) travels under a bridge, an army (artery) travels over a bridge

Question 18

Describe suprascapular neuritis

Answer 18

What: entrapment of suprascapular nerve (often in the suprascapular notch)

How: from overuse of the arm and excessive traction

Signs/symptoms: C5/C6 dermatome pain that is reproducible with direct pressure over the notch

Can cause: wasting of the supraspinous and infraspinatus muscles

Question 19

Name the 3 articulations of the pectoral girdle

Answer 19

1. sternoclavicular joint
2. acromioclavicular joint
3. glenohumeral joint

Question 20

What articulation of the pectoral girdle is the only true synovial joint that connects the pectoral girdle to the ribcage

Answer 20

the sternoclavicular joint

Question 21

What 2 ligaments stabilize the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 21

1. The acromioclavicular ligament

2. The trapezoid +conoid ligament= coracoclavicular ligament

Question 22

What joint is created by the humerus and the glenoid cavity

Answer 22

the glenohumeral joint

Question 23

Name the 2 tubercles of the proximal humerus

Answer 23

1. Greater tubercles

2. Lesser tubercles

Question 24

Describe the anatomical neck of the humerus

Answer 24

area located between head of the and the greater/lesser tubercles, it is the site of the articular capsule

Question 25

Describe the surgical neck of the humerus

Answer 25

narrowing of the humerus just distal to the greater and lesser tubercles. It is were the humerus is frequently Fx

Question 26

Describe the intertubercular sulcus

Answer 26

groove between the greater and lesser tubercles , it contains the head of the biceps brachii muscle

Question 27

Describe the deltoid tuberosity

Answer 27

area in the middle of the humerus shaft were the deltoid inserts

Question 28

Describe the capitulum

Answer 28

the rounded lateral end of the humerus that articulates w/ radius

Question 29

Describe the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Answer 29

the most lateral end of the distal portion of the humerus, where the lateral supracondylar ridge ends

Question 30

Describe the trochlea

Answer 30

the indented medial portion of the distal humerus that articulates w/ the ulna

Question 31

Describe the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Answer 31

the most medial end of the distal portion of the humerus, where the medial supracondylar ridge ends

Question 32

What are the depressions on the anterior side of the humerus, where exactly are they located and what are they there for.

Answer 32

The radial fossa= proximal (above) to the capitulum, it contains part of the radius during flexion The coronoid fossa= proximal (above) to the trochlea, it contains the coronoid process of the ulnar

Question 33

What is the depression on the posterior side of the humerus and what is it there for

Answer 33

The olecranon fossa= it receives the olecranon process of the ulna when the forearm is extended

Question 34

Define impact fx

Answer 34

1 fragment of bone is driven into the spongy bone of another fragment -tend to be stable, arm is passively moveable, limited pain

Question 35

Define transverse fx

Answer 35

fx that crosses the bone - caused by direct blow - if humerus is fracted the proximal fragment is pulled laterally

Question 36

Define avulsion fx

Answer 36

fx that occurs when a ligament or tendon attached to bone pulls away part of the bone - usually result from a fall - repaired by open reduction and screws

Question 37

A fx at the surgical neck of the humerus is associated with damage to what nerve

Answer 37

axillary nerve

Question 38

A fx at the shaft/radial groove of the humerus is associated with damage to what nerve

Answer 38

radial nerve

Question 39

A fx at the distal end of the humerus is associated with damage to what nerve

Answer 39

median nerve

Question 40

A fx at the medial epicondyle of the humerus is associated with damage to what nerve

Answer 40

ulnar nerve

Question 41

Name the 2 bones of the forearm and briefly describe them

Answer 41

1. Ulna= pinky side, it is the stabilizing bone of the forearm. 2. Radius= thumb side, it is the shorter movable bone

Question 42

What is the name of the proximal end of the ulna that forms the prominence of the elbow

Answer 42

olecranon

Question 43

What is the name of the area on the ulnar that receives the trochlea of the humerus

Answer 43

the trochlear notch

Question 44

What is the name of the area distal to the trochlear notch of the proximal end of the ulna

Answer 44

the olecranon

Question 45

What is the area of the ulna that receives the head of the radius

Answer 45

radial notch

Question 46

Describe the ulnar tuberosity

Answer 46

area just distal/inferior to the coronoid process were the brachialis muscle inserts

Question 47

Where is the head of the ulna

Answer 47

at the distal end closets to the wrist

Question 48

What part of the radius articulates with the capitulum

Answer 48

the head of the radius

Question 49

Where is the radial tuberosity and what attaches here

Answer 49

roughened area inferior distal to the neck of the radius where the biceps brachii attaches

Question 50

Describe the radial styloid process

Answer 50

on the lateral side of the radius, it is the insertion for the brachioradialis muscle and where the radial collateral ligament of the wrist attaches

Question 51

Describe the interosseous membrane

Answer 51

broad flat fibrous connection between the shafts of the radius and ulna where some deep muscles of the forearm originate

Question 52

How many radioulnar articulations are there

Answer 52

2= proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Question 53

Describe the distal tubercle of the radius

Answer 53

aka listers tubrcle small prominence on the distal dorsal (palmer) aspect of the radius that the tendon of the extensor pollices uses as a pulley

Question 54

What are the 8 carpal bones and a Mnemonic for remembering them

Answer 54

Proximal medial then distal medial Some= scaphoid Lovers=lunate Try=triquetrum Positions= pea shaped That=trapezium They=trapezoid Cannot=capitate Handle=hamate

Question 55

True or false the ulnar participates in the wrist joint

Answer 55

False

Question 56

What proximal carpal bone does not articulate with the radius and what is its fxn

Answer 56

Pisiform acts as a sesamoid bone increasing the leverage of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 57

How many metacarpals are there on each hand

Answer 57

5

Question 58

Where does numbering of the metacarpals begin

Answer 58

1 is proximal to the thumb

Question 59

How many phalanges are there on each had

Answer 59

14 total 3 per finger 2 per thumb