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Flashcards in Bony Thorax Deck (24)
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1
Q

what is the function of the bony thorax?

A

to protect the organs contained within

2
Q

what structures form the bony thorax?

A

ribs sternum thoracic vertebrae

3
Q

Are the posterior ribs more superior or inferior to the anterior portion of the same rib?

A

superior by 3-5”

4
Q

What are the routine projections of the sternum?

A

RAO and Lateral

5
Q

What is the SID, Breathing instructions, degree of obliquity for an RAO sternum and where does this place the sternum in the radiograph?

A

40” SID
Use a breathing technique with a long exposure time
15-20 degree oblique
this places the sternum to the left of the T spine and into the homogenous heart shadow

6
Q
What are the routine projections of the SC joints?
SID?
How are they performed?
CR?
Breathing instructions?
A

PA and bilateral anterior obliques

  • All at 40” SID
  • Obliques are done prone w/ 15 degree rotation with the affected side arm down and other arm up, CR is 3” distal to the vertebral prominens and 1-2” lateral to MSP
  • expose on expiration
  • Obliques demonstrate the downside
7
Q

What views are required for an anterior rib injury?

A

PA, Anterior Oblique centered to the upside,

8
Q

What views are required for a posterior rib injury?

A

AP and a posterior oblique centered to the down side

9
Q

Why is a PA chest included in a ribs routine?

A

to rule out lung pathology

10
Q

When is the affected side in a ribs position up? when is it down?

A

up=anterior

down=posterior

11
Q

ABOVE THE DIAPHRAGM RIBS:
errect or supine?
breathing instructions?
kvp range?

A

-erect to lower the diaphragm
-full inspiration
-low kvp, 65-70
visualizes ribs 1-9

12
Q

BELOW THE DIAPHRAGM RIBS:
errect or supine?
breathing instructions?
kvp range?

A

-supine to raise the diaphragm
-full expiration
-medium kvp 75-80
visualizes ribs 8-12

13
Q

What are fractures to the first rib associated with?
Lower ribs?
Any rib fx?

A
  • injury to the arteries and veins
  • injury to the spleen, liver or kidneys
  • lungs or cardiovascular structures
14
Q

What is flail chest?

A

fx of adjacent ribs, in 2 or more places caused by blunt trauma and associated with cardiac injury

15
Q

What are metastases?

A

Malignant neoplasms which spread to the ribs from a primary site.

16
Q

How does an osteolytic metastases appear radiographically?
Osteoblastic?
Combination?

A

osteolytic-destructive lesion with irregular margins
osteoblastic-bony lesions of increased density
combo-moth eaten appearance

17
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

an infection of a portion of the bone and marrow.

*may be associated with post op open heart surgery

18
Q

What is the place where the clavicles connect to the sternum called?

A

facet

19
Q

How are the anterior ribs attached to the sternum?

A

attached to each anterior rib is a piece of costocartilage which is what attaches them to the sternum.

20
Q

Where does the second costocartilage connect at?
3rd-7th?
8-10?
11th-12th?

A

2nd-at the level of the sternal angle
3rd-7th-directly to the body of the sternum
8th-10th-costocartilage of the 7th rib
11th-12th-do not connect anteriorly

21
Q

Which ribs are true ribs?
false?
floating?

A

true-1-7
false-8-12
floating-11-12

22
Q

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

the vertebral body at the costovertebral joint

23
Q

Where is the bony thorax widest at?

A

level of 8th or 9th ribs

24
Q

What does the tubercle articulate with?

A

the transverse process of the vertebra at the costotransverse joint