Bony Thorax - Osteology, Arthrology and Positioning

Question 1

Which is NOT part of the bony thorax?

sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae, Scapulae

Answer 1

Scapulae

Question 2

what is the proper name for the structure commonly called the “breastbone”?

Answer 2

Sternum

Question 3

which bone classification is the sternum?

Answer 3

Flat [bone]

Question 4

which three bony parts compose the sternum?

Answer 4

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

Question 5

which part of the sternum is most superior?

Answer 5

Manubrium

Question 6

which articulates with the articular facets located just lateral to the jugular notch?

Answer 6

Clavicles

Question 7

the junction of the which structures creates the sternal angle?

Answer 7

Manubrium and sternal body

Question 8

which part of the sternum is the elongated central portion?

Answer 8

Body

Question 9

where on the sternum is the jugular notch located?

Answer 9

Superior border of the manubrium

Question 10

what is the smallest part of the sternum?

Answer 10

Xiphoid process

Question 11

which part of the sternum is located at the level of T10?

Answer 11

Xiphoid process

Question 12

with which part of the sternum does the first pair of ribs articulate?

Answer 12

Lateral border of the manubrium

Question 13

which classification refers to ribs that attach their costal cartilages directly to the sternum?

Answer 13

True [ribs]

Question 14

which classification refers to ribs that have no anterior attachments?

Answer 14

Floating [ribs]

Question 15

which classification refers to the eight through 12th pairs of ribs?

Answer 15

False [ribs]

Question 16

which pairs of ribs are classified as true ribs?

Answer 16

The first seven pairs

Question 17

how many pairs of ribs are classified as floating ribs?

Answer 17

2 [pairs]

Question 18

which articulation is formed in part with the head of a rib?

Answer 18

costovertebral

Question 19

with which structures do heads of ribs articulates?

Answer 19

Demifacets of thoracic vertebrae

Question 20

which articulation involves the tubercle of a rib?

Answer 20

Costotransverse

Question 21

which radiographic position best demonstrates the sternum projected with the heart shadow?

Answer 21

RAO

Question 22

For the oblique position that best demonstrates the sternum, how many degrees should the patient be rotated?

Answer 22

15-20 degrees

Question 23

which two projections generally compose the typical series demonstrating he sternum?

Answer 23

Lateral and PA oblique, RAO position

Question 24

how should the central ray be directed for the oblique position to best demonstrate the sternum?

Answer 24

perpendicularly

Question 25

to best demonstrate the sternum, the patient should be rotated into the _______ position to image the sternum _____

Answer 25

RAO; within the heart shadow

Question 26

with reference to the patient, where should the top border of the IR be positioned for the lateral projection of the sternum?

Answer 26

1.5 inches (3.8cm) above the jugular notch

Question 27

which procedure should be performed for the lateral projection of the sternum?

Answer 27

Increase the SID to 72 inches (183 cm)

Question 28

which procedure should be performed to demonstrate only one SC joint with the PA projection?

Answer 28

Turn the patient's head to face the affected side.

Question 29

which procedure should be performed to demonstrate both SC joints with PA projection?

Answer 29

Rest the patient's head on the chin

Question 30

how should the central ray be directed and centered for the PA projection for bilateral SC joints?

Answer 30

Perpendicular to T3

Question 31

to demonstrate bilateral SC joints, which evaluation criterion indicates that the patient was properly positioned?

Answer 31

No rotation of the SC joints should be demonstrated

Question 32

to most effectively demonstrate injured anterior ribs Numbers 5 and 6 on the right side, which two projections should be included as part of the series?

Answer 32

PA and PA oblique with the patient LAO

Question 33

to most effectively demonstrate injured anterior ribs Numbers 6 and 7 on the left side, which two projections should be included as part of the series?

Answer 33

PA and PA oblique with the patient RAO

Question 34

to most effectively demonstrate injured posterior ribs numbers 5 and 6 on the left side, which two projections should be included s part of the series?

Answer 34

AP and AP oblique with the patient LPO

Question 35

to most effectively demonstrate injured posterior ribs Nos 6 and 7 on the right side, which two projections should be included as part of the series?

Answer 35

AP and AP oblique with the patient RPO

Question 36

which procedure should be used to obtain radiographs of injured anterior ribs Nos 5 and 6?

Answer 36

Patient upright; exposure taken on suspended inspiration

Question 37

if the patient's condition permits, which procedure should be used to best demonstrate injured posterior ribs Nos 10, 11, and 12?

Answer 37

Patient supine; exposure taken on suspended expiration

Question 38

which two projections best demonstrate injured posterior ribs Nos 10, 11, and 12 on the right side?

Answer 38

AP and AP oblique with the patient RPO

Question 39

which two projections best demonstrate injured posterior ribs, Nos 11, 11, 12 on the left side?

Answer 39

AP and AP oblique with the patient LPO

Question 40

which rad position best demonstrates the posterior eleventh rib on the right side without vertebral superimposition?

Answer 40

RPO

Question 41

which rad position best demonstrates the posterior tenth rib on the left side without vertebral sumperimposition?

Answer 41

LPO

Question 42

which rad position best demonstrates the anterior sixth rib on the left side without vertebral superimposition?

Answer 42

RAO

Question 43

which rad position best demonstrates the anterior fifth rib on the right side without vertebral superimposition?

Answer 43

LAO

Question 44

with reference to the patient, where should the top border of the IR/collimated field be positioned for the PA projection to demonstrate ribs above the diaphragm?

Answer 44

1.5 inches (3.8cm) above the shoulders

Question 45

for the AP projection demonstrating ribs above the diaphragm, when should respiration be suspended and what effect will that have on the diaphragm?

Answer 45

On full inspiration; will depress the diaphragm

Question 46

for the AP projection demonstrating ribs below the diaphragm, when should respiration be suspended and what effect will that have on the diaphragm?

Answer 46

On full expiration; will elevate the diaphragm

Question 47

when performing the AP projection to demonstrate ribs below the diaphragm, with reference to the patient, how should the IR/collimated field be positioned?

Answer 47

Lower border of the IR/collimated field at the level of iliac crests

Question 48

which projection best demonstrates the axillary portion of ribs?

Answer 48

AP oblique projection

Question 49

which procedure can be performed to better demonstrate the seventh, eighth, and ninth ribs away from the shadow of the diaphragm?

Answer 49

Higher centering and caudal angulation of the central ray

Question 50

which of the following evaluation criteria pertains to the AP oblique projection for ribs?

Answer 50

Axillary portion of the ribs of interest should be free of superimposition