BOOK 1 CH 1 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What do the studies done by the archaeologists reveal about Harappa?
The studies done by the archaeologists reveal that the bones of sheep, goats, buffaloes and pigs were found at the Harappan sites. These animals were domesticated.
Bones of wild species such as dears, boars and gharials and bones of fish and fowl were also found.
Crafts of the people of Chanhudaro
Bead making, shell cutting, metal works, seal making, weight making etc were the crafts of the people of chanhudaro
Any four items found in the graves of the Harappans
Pottery, ornaments, jewellery, shell rings, priest stone, beads and copper mirrors were found in the graves of the Harappans.
Importance of faience used in the Harappan Civilization
The pots made of faience were considered to be costly or luxurious objects in the Indus Valley civilization. Faience was a material made of ground sand or silica mixed with colour and a gum and then fired. The pots were costly because they were hard to make.
What were the hoards of Indus Valley Civilization
Hoards were the objects used by the people of Indus Valley Civilization. They were kept carefully by people inside containers such as pots. Such hoards can be of jewellery or metal objects saved by metal workers.
What were the mounds?
When people continue to live in the same place, their constant use and reuse of the landscape results in the build up of occasional debris called mounds.
Who was John Marshall? How did he mark a change in Indian archaeology?
John Marshall was a famous archaeologist who was the director general of the Archaeological survey of India in 1924 when the site of Harappa was excavated.
He marked a change in Indian Archaeology by announcing the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization. Thus, he brought forth 3000 years old discoveries of Civilization. He was the first professional archaeologist to work in India.
He brought his experience of working in Greece and Crete to the field. More importantly, though like Cunningham he too was interested in spectacular finds, he was equally keen to look for patterns of everyday life.
Short note on Harappan civilization
The Harappan civilization or Indus Valley Civilization is mainly found in the north western region of South Asia , extending from North East Afghanistan to Pakistan and North West India. The cities are noted for for their urban planning , baked brick houses , well developed drainage systems , water supply systems and exclusive craft production.
Named after Harappa, the first site where this unique culture was discovered , this civilization flourished around 2600 to 1900 BC in the western part of South Asia. Accordingly, the Indus Valley Civilization is also called the Harappan Culture.
The Harappan Civilization is sometimes called the Mature Harappan Culture to distinguish it from the earlier and later culture i.e. early Harappan and late Harappan Cultures respectively.
BP
Before Present
BCE
Before Common Era
CE
Common Era
The present year is 2015 according to this dating system.
c.
c. stands for the Latin word circa and means approximate.
Cholistan
The desert area of Pakistan bordering the Thar Desert.
Evidence of the break between early harappan and the Harappan civilization
It appears that there was a break between the early Harappan and Harappan Civilization which is evident from the large scale burning at some sites as well as the abandonment of certain settlements.
