Book 2, Chaper 3

Question 1

Chlorophyll

Answer 1

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Answer 2

Sunlight provides the energy for this food-making process.

Question 3

Tissues

Answer 3

Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism.

Question 4

Chloroplasts

Answer 4

Structures in which food is made.

Question 5

Vacuole

Answer 5

A large storage sac that can expand and shrink.

Question 6

Cuticle

Answer 6

Waxy, waterproof layer.

Question 7

Vascular tissue

Answer 7

A system of tubelike structures inside a plant through which water, minerals, and food move.

Question 8

Nonvascular plant

Answer 8

Plants that lack vascular tissue for transporting materials.

Question 9

Rhizoids

Answer 9

Thin, rootlike structures.

Question 10

Vascular plants

Answer 10

Plants with true vascular tissue.

Question 11

Xylem

Answer 11

Water and minerals travel In a vascular tissue called xylem.

Question 12

Fronds

Answer 12

Ferns leaves.

Question 13

Pollen

Answer 13

Tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells.

Question 14

Seed

Answer 14

A structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering.

Question 15

Gymnosperm

Answer 15

A seed plant that produces naked seeds.

Question 16

Angiosperm

Answer 16

Flowering plants

Question 17

Cotyledon

Answer 17

Seed leaf.

Question 18

Monocots

Answer 18

Angiosperms that have only one seed leaf.

Question 19

Dicots

Answer 19

Produce seeds with two leaves.

Question 20

Root cap

Answer 20

Protects the root from injury as the root grows through the soil.

Question 21

Cambium

Answer 21

Divides to produce new phloem and xylem.

Question 22

Stomata

Answer 22

Small openings or pores.

Question 23

Transpiration

Answer 23

Water evaporates from a plant’s leaves.

Question 24

Embryo

Answer 24

The young plant that develops from the zygote, or fertilized eggs.

Question 25

Germination

Answer 25

When embryo begins to grow again and pushes out of the seed.

Question 26

Flower

Answer 26

The reproductive structure of an angiosperm.

Question 27

Pollination

Answer 27

The transfer of a pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures.

Question 28

Sepals

Answer 28

A bud covered in a leaflike structure called sepals.

Question 29

Stamens

Answer 29

Male reproductive structures.

Question 30

Pistils

Answer 30

The female parts

Question 31

Ovary

Answer 31

Protects the seeds as they develop.

Question 32

Sporophyte

Answer 32

The plant produces spores.

Question 33

Gametophyte

Answer 33

The plant produces two kinds of sex cells: sperm cells and egg cells.

Question 34

Annuals

Answer 34

Flowering plants that complete a life cycle within one growing season.

Question 35

Biennials

Answer 35

Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years.

Question 36

Perennials

Answer 36

Flowering plants that live for more than two years.

Question 37

Fertilization

Answer 37

When a sperm cell unites with an egg cell.

Question 38

Zygote

Answer 38

The fertilized egg.

Question 39

Cones

Answer 39

Most Gymnosperms have reproductive structures.

Question 40

Ovules

Answer 40

structure that contains an egg cell.

Question 41

Fruit

Answer 41

The ripened ovary and other structures that enclose one or more seeds.

Question 42

Tropism

Answer 42

A plant’s growth response toward or away from a stimulus.

Question 43

Hormone

Answer 43

A chemical that affects how the plant grows and develops.

Question 44

Auxin

Answer 44

Speeds up rate at which the plant’s cells grow and controls a plant’s response to light.

Question 45

Photoperiodism

Answer 45

A plant’s response to seasonal changes in the length of night and day.

Question 46

Critical night length

Answer 46

The number of hours of darkness that determines whether or not a plant will flower.

Question 47

Short-day plants

Answer 47

Flower when the nights are longer then critical length. They bloom in fall or winter.

Question 48

Long-day plants

Answer 48

flower when nights are shorter than a critic length. They bloom in spring or summer.

Question 49

Day-nuetral plants

Answer 49

A flowering cycle that is not sensitive to periods of light and dark. They can bloom year-round depending on weather.

Question 50

Dormancy

Answer 50

A period when an organism’s growth or activity stops.

Question 51

Peat

Answer 51

OVer time the mosses become compressed into layers and form a blackish-brown material called peat.