Book Flashcards
(36 cards)
Psychological differences between sexes and other gender-role stereotypes are created and maintained by difference sin socially assigned roles that men & women would rather play.
social-roles hypothesis
Gender role develops during the phallic stage –identify with & emulate same-sex parent
Castration Anxiety → Oedipus Complex (Electra Complex, not as strong).
How does Freud’s psychoanalytic theory explain gender role development
Tendency to become aroused by and vicariously experience emotions of others
What is empathy?
Fearful distress & tendency to withdraw from unfamiliar people/situations
Temprament - What is behavioral inhibition?
Adolescent shyness:
US – rejected by peers
Asian culture – shy/reserved = socially mature
How does culture play a role in the links between temperament and developmental outcomes?
Strong affectional ties that parents feel toward child.
Strongest bonding occurs directly after birth (sensitive period)
What is emotional bonding?
Generally harmonious interactions between 2 people in which participants adjust behavior in response to partner’s actions and emotions
What are synchronized routines?
Use of caregiver as base from which to explore environment/return for emotional support
What is a secure base?
Baby duck’s response to follow mothers/attach to mother during critical period.
What is imprinting?
Innate attribute (product of evolution) that serves function increasing chance of survival for individual and species
What is a preadapted characteristic?
Caregiver capacity to understand infant emotions, motives, and behaviors & take them into account when responding to infant– important contributor to sensitive caregiving
What is insightfulness (in relation to attachment/caregiving)?
Better problem solvers, more complex/creative during play, more (+) and fewer (–) emotions, more attractive to other toddlers as playmates
What are some long-term correlates of secure and insecure attachments?
Inability to form secure attachment bonds with other people
What is reactive attachment disorder?
Socially deprived infants develop abnormally b/c no established attachment to primary caregiver
What is the maternal deprivation hypothesis?
Socially deprived infants develop abnormally b/c little contact w/ companions who respond contingently to social overtures.
What is the social stimulation hypothesis?
Process by which child becomes aware of his/her gender and acquires motives, values, and behaviors considered appropriate for members of that sex.
What is gender typing?
Home and scholastic influences - gender -
What are some subcultural variations in gender typing?
Psychological differences between sexes and other gender-role stereotypes are created and maintained by difference sin socially assigned roles that men & women would rather play.
What is the social-roles hypothesis?
Self referring to erotic thoughts, actions, and orientation
What is sexuality?
Media has influenced the search/openness about sexuality
How have ideas about sexuality changed in recent years?
More than 10% (more than 1 million) of teenage girls become pregnant.
Mother: interrupted education, loss of contact with social life, low-paying job if drops out, not prepared psychologically.
Baby: poorly nourished, used alcohol/drugs during pregnancy, low prenatal care, birth complications, rarely receive support from father.
How common is teenage pregnancy?
What are some consequences for the mother and the baby?
Gender role develops during the phallic stage –identify with & emulate same-sex parent
Castration Anxiety → Oedipus Complex (Electra Complex, not as strong).
How does Freud’s psychoanalytic theory explain gender role development?
Tendency to become aroused by and vicariously experience emotions of others
What is empathy?
Presence of stimuli previously associated w/ aggression evokes aggressive responses
What is the “aggressive-cues” hypothesis?
