Book - ch.3 Flashcards Preview

Criminology Exam #2 > Book - ch.3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Book - ch.3 Deck (10)
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1
Q

Distinguishing features of delinquent groups

A
♠ 2-4 members (small and shifting)
♠ Group size diminishes with age - lone offending most typical of adult offenders
♠ Unisexual
♠ Homogenous
♠ Short life-span
♠ No forethought
♠ Small groups that commit many acts are subset of larger group
♠ Not stable or organized
2
Q

Offending groups

A

Groups that actually commit delinquent acts

3
Q

Accomplice networks

A

The pool of potential co-offenders available to an adolescent

4
Q

Reasons for changes in delinquent groups

A

♠ Residential mobility
♠ Incarceration of members
♠ Shifts to conventional careers

5
Q

What divides criminologists regarding delinquent behaviour

A

It’s meaning. No one disputes that it is mostly group behaviour.

6
Q

Epiphenomenon

A

a secondary effect or byproduct that arises from but does not causally influence a process, in particular.

7
Q

Principle of homophily

A

people make friends with people who are similar to themselves

8
Q

Control theory

A

in sociology is the idea that two control systems—inner controls and outer controls—work against our tendencies to deviate. Control theory can either be classified as centralized or decentralized or neither. Decentralized control is considered market control. Centralized control is considered bureaucratic control. Some types of control such as clan control are considered to be a mixture of both decentralized and centralized control.

9
Q

Imputational data

A

i.e., official records or self- reports obtained independently on respondents and friends

10
Q

Differential association theory

A

a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior.