Booklet 1 - structure

Question 1

What is a atom?

Answer 1

Smallest part of an element that can exist. It cannot be divided

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

Substance that contains only one type of atom

Question 3

What is a compound?

Answer 3

Substance that contains more than one type of atom, chemically bonded together

Question 4

What are valencies?

Answer 4

Combining powers of atoms and can be used to work out the formula of compounds

Question 5

What are radical groups?

Answer 5

Atoms that like to group together with other atoms and stay with each almost all the time including chemical reactions

Question 6

What is a molecule?

Answer 6

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Question 7

What is a mixture?

Answer 7

Two of more substances (elements or compounds) that are not chemically bonded together

Question 8

What is the formula, valency and charge of Ammonium?

Answer 8

NH4 - 1 - postive 1

Question 9

What is the formula, valency and charge of Sulfate?

Answer 9

SO4 - 2 = -2

Question 10

What is the formula, valency and charge of Hydroxide?

Answer 10

OH - 1 = -1

Question 11

What is the formula, valency and charge of Nitrate?

Answer 11

NO3 - 2 = -2

Question 12

What is the formula, valency and charge of Carbonate?

Answer 12

CO3 - 2 =-2

Question 13

What is the formula, valency and charge of Hydrogen Carbonate?

Answer 13

HCO3 - 1 = -1

Question 14

How can mixtures be separated? (3 examples)

Answer 14

1) . Silicon dioxide from water by filtration
2) . Salt from water by evaporation or distillation
3) . Dyes in ink by chromotography

Question 15

What’s the atomic number?

Answer 15

Number of protons

Question 16

What can both protons and neutrons be called?

Answer 16

Nucleons as they both exist in the nucleus

Question 17

What are the two most important thing about the atomic number?

Answer 17

1) . All elements of the same type have the same atomic number
2) . All atoms identity depends on the number of protons in its nucleus

Question 18

What is an isotope?

Answer 18

Atoms of the same element, they have the same number of protons but different amount of neutrons so their mass number is different

Question 19

What is the relative atomic mass?

Answer 19

An avergae value that takes account of the abundance of the isotopes of the isotopes if the element.

Question 20

When is the arrangement of electrons most important?

Answer 20

When considering how an element reacts, or whether it will react at all

Question 21

What are the physical properties of Group 8/0 noble gases?

Answer 21

• All unreactive, wont set on fire
• the boiling points of the gases increase as you move down the group along with increasing relative atomic mass
• they are colourless gases at room temperature
• have ions with different charges
• form coloured compounds
• useful at catslysts

Question 22

Why don’t noble gases react?

Answer 22

Have full outer shells so do not need to move electrons between themselves and other atoms = already have stable electron configuration

Question 23

What the physical properties of Group 1 elements alkali metals?

Answer 23

Metals with low density
Soft and can be cut with a knife
Show a shiny interior that becomse dull on reaction with oxygen

Question 24

Why are Group 1 elements so reactive?

Answer 24

The outer electron is more easily lost as the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases, as the electron is futher away drom the nucleus the futher down you go

Question 25

Whay are the word and symbol equations of Group 1 elements reacting with water? (Lithium, sodium, potassium)

Answer 25

1). Lithium + water -> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen 2 Li + 2 H2O -> 2 LiOH + H2 2). Sodium + water -> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen 2 Na + 2 H2O -> 2 NaOH + H2 3). Potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen 2 K + 2 H2O -> 2 KOH + H2

Question 26

What is the pattern with group 1 element reactions?

Answer 26

All react to produce hydrogen gas and an alkali metal hydroxide

Question 27

What are the word equations for Group 1 elements reacting with chlorine?

Answer 27

1). Lithium + chlorine -> lithium chloride 2 Li + Cl2 -> 2 LiCL 2). Sodium + chlorine -> sodium chlorine 2 Na + Cl2 -> 2 NaCl 3). Potassium + chlorine -> potassium chloride 2 K + Cl2 -> 2KCl

Question 28

What are the word equations for Group 1 elements with oxygen?

Answer 28

``` 1). Lithium + oxygen -> lithium oxide 4 Li + O2 -> 2 Li2O 2). Sodium + oxygen-> sodium oxide 4Na + O2 -> 2 Na2O 3). Potassium + oxygen -> potassium oxide 4 K + O2 -> 2K2O ```

Question 29

What do all alkali metals that burn in oxygen form?

Answer 29

Metal oxides which are white solids

Question 30

What are the physical properties of Group 7 the halogens?

Answer 30

They are non metals and consist of molecules that are diatomic

Question 31

What happens to molecules futher down the group in Group 7?

Answer 31

The higher the mass of its molecules, its melting and boiling points also increase

Question 32

What is the reactivity of group 7 elements like?

Answer 32

Its harder to gain an extra electron, and its futher from the nucleus so it becomes LESS reactive as you go down the group

Question 33

What is a halogen that gains a electron called?

Answer 33

A halide ion

Question 34

What are the trends of Group 1 elements and Group 7 elements?

Answer 34

The bigger and more energy levels the atoms have:- - In Group 1 elements the more easily electrons are lost - In group 7 the less easily electrons are gained

Question 35

What happens to Group 1 elements the higher up the group an element is?

Answer 35

The lower its atomic number

Question 36

How many electrons are in Group 1 outer shell?

Answer 36

1 electrons

Question 37

How many electrons are in Group 8/0 outer shell?

Answer 37

Full 8 electrons

Question 38

How many electrons are in Group 7 outer shell?

Answer 38

7 electrons

Question 39

What are the two other trends for group 1 elements?

Answer 39

- lower melting and boiling points | - higher relative atomic mass

Question 39

What is the trend for group one elements reacting with water?

Answer 39

The more reactive (lower down the group) an alkali metal is, rhe more violent the reaction - the amount if energy given out by the reacrion increases down the group

Question 39

What are the trends of group 1 elements with chlorine?

Answer 39

- when heated in chlorine gas they form white metal chloride salts - as you go down the group the reactivity increases so the reaction gets more vigorous

Question 40

Why do group 1 metals tarnish in air?

Answer 40

Upon reaction with oxygen, the metal reacts and forms a dull metal oxide layer

Question 42

What are the differences between group 1 and transition elements?

Answer 42

- group 1 elements are much more reactive than transition metals, they react more vigorously with water, oxygen and group 7 elements - they're also less dense, strong and hard than transition metals and have lower melting points

Question 42

What type of do halogens form when they react with metals?

Answer 42

Ionic bonds

Question 43

Why do Group 0 elements boiling points increase as you go down the group?

Answer 43

Due to an increase in the number of electrons in each atom leading to greater intermolecular forces between them which need to be overcome

Question 44

What can a more reactive halogen do?

Answer 44

Displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt

Question 45

what are the relative charges of particles in the atom?

Answer 45

- proton - +1 - neutron - 0 - electron - -1

Question 46

what are the relative masses of particles in the atom?

Answer 46

- proton - 1 - neutron - 1 - electron - very small

Question 47

how can halogens share electrons with other non-metals?

Answer 47

via covalent bonding and make simple molecular structures