Booklet 3 - The Growth of Parliamentary Democracy Flashcards
(231 cards)
1
Q
What was a rotten borough?
A
An ancient constituency that had become depopulated such that MPs were selected and elected by a very small few
2
Q
What was a pocket borough?
A
A borough where landowners owned all of the land and property that would provide the right to vote - They nominated candidates and made voters vote accordingly
3
Q
What was a scot and lot borough?
A
A borough in which any man who paid local taxes could vote
4
Q
What was a potwalloper borough?
A
A borough in which a man could vote if he had a fireplace sufficiently large enough to take a specified size of pot
5
Q
What was a corporation borough?
A
A borough where only members of the local council (the corporation) could vote
6
Q
What percentage of corporation boroughs had fewer than 50 voters?
A
90%
7
Q
What was a freeman borough?
A
A borough in which those who had acquired the title ‘freeman’ through apprenticeship in a craft guild could vote
8
Q
How many MPs would a county send to parliament regardless of its size?
A
2
9
Q
What was the standard franchise in a county?
A
Occupying a freehold piece of land with a rental value of 40s per year
10
Q
Give an example of a rotten borough
A
Old Sarum
11
Q
Give an example of scot and lot boroughs
A
Preston, Lancashire
12
Q
Give an example of potwalloper boroughs
A
Taunton, Somerset
13
Q
How many boroughs had fewer than 40 voters?
A
> 50
14
Q
Name the four large towns that had no MP
A
Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield
15
Q
What fraction of seats were uncontested at election pre-1800?
A
2/3
16
Q
In 1831, how many men had the right to vote out of a population of how many people?
A
366,000 men could vote in a population of 13.89 million
17
Q
Over what period of time would an election take place?
A
Several weeks
18
Q
What was ‘treating’?
A
Where candidates would pay for their supporters’ food and accommodation during the election
19
Q
What were ‘lambs’?
A
Groups of armed thugs who intimidated voters
20
Q
What was ‘cooping’?
A
Kidnapping one’s rival’s supporters until the end of an election - committed by ‘lambs’
21
Q
In the 1780s, how many newspapers were circulated in London?
A
13 daily and 10 tri-weekly newspapers
22
Q
In the 1780s, how many newspapers were circulated outside of London?
A
50 provincial newspapers
23
Q
when William Pitt proposed a bill to disenfranchise how many boroughs, by how many votes was his bill defeated?
A
William Pitt proposed to disenfranchise 36 boroughs but his bill was defeated by 74 votes
24
Q
Who established the ‘Yorkshire Association’, in what decade, and what did they do?
A
Reverend Christopher Wyvill in the 1780s as a forum through which ‘respectable classes’ could petition parliament against corruption
25
Who established the 'Society for Constitutional Information', in what decade, and what did they do?
Major John Cartwright in the 1780s in support of annual parliaments and universal suffrage (for men)
26
How much did it cost per year to be a member of the Society for Constitutional Information?
1-5 guineas (252-1260 pennies) (£1,1s - £5,5s)
27
Which riots occurred in 1780 after the passing of which act 2 years prior (in 1778)?
The Gordon Riots - anti catholic riots after the Roman Catholic Relief Bill
28
What occurred in 1789 that solidified the British elites anti-radical mindset?
The French Revolution
29
In what year did Lord Liverpool become PM?
1812
30
In what years was there a recession in the UK?
1815-1822
31
Which book did Edmund Burke write and in what year? What did it theorise?
'Reflections on the Revolution in France' in 1790. It theorised that moderate reform would lead to violent revolution
32
In what year was the 'Sheffield Society for Constitutional Information' established?
1791
33
In which year did the Sheffield Society for Constitutional Information raise a petition for male suffrage and how many signatures did it recieve?
1792 - 10,000 signatures
34
Who formed the London Corresponding Society and in what year?
Thomas Hardy, 1792
35
How much did it cost to join the London Corresponding Society?
1d per week
36
Where did the London Corresponding Society hold a demonstration in October 1795 and how many people were in attendance?
Their demonstration at Copenhagen Fields attracted 100,000 people
37
In what year did Thomas Paine write 'The Rights of Man' and in response to whose book?
1792 in response to Edmund Burke's 'Reflections on the Revolution in France'
38
By 1793, how many copies of 'The Rights of Man' had been sold?
200,000
39
State the population of Britain in 1801, 1811, and 1821
1801 - 10.5 million
1811 - 12 million
1821 - 14.1 million
40
From which year did Napoleon blockade Britain?
1806
41
In which year did the 13 colonies in America declare war?
1812
42
Across the Napoleonic war, by how much did national debt increase and from what level?
National debt increased by £664 million from £238 million to £902 million
43
How many ironworkers lost their jobs in Shropshire after the end of the Napoleonic war?
7000
44
In 1815 what previous period's wages had the average wage dropped below?
Wages from 1815-1819 were lower than in the 1780s
45
In what year was the corn law passed and what did it do?
1815 - it prohibited the import of wheat until the price of a bushel had reached 10s
46
How did the government supplement a fall in income taxes?
By raising indirect taxes which disproportionally affected the poor e.g. duties on beer and sugar
47
What was government revenue from indirect taxation in 1790 and what was this after 1816?
£16 million in 1790
£60 million in 1816
48
In 1813, how far did Major John Cartwright travel, visiting how many towns, and in how many days?
Cartwright travelled 900 miles in 29 days, visiting 34 towns
49
On his 1813 tour, how many signatures did Cartwright collect and on how many petitions?
Cartwright collected 130,000 signatures across 430 petitions
50
How many Hampden Clubs and Union Societies were there in 1824?
150
51
What was a Hampden Club or Union Society?
Groups that aimed to educate workers and peacefully campaign for universal suffrage through petitions
52
In 1821, what percentage of Britons were under 15?
48%
53
By how much did poor relief expenditure grow from 1775 to 1817 and from what?
Poor relief expenditure grew by £6 million from £2 million in 1775 to £8 million in 1817 (300% increase)
54
From what date did William Cobbett publish a pamphlet of the first article from his newspaper, what was this newspaper called, and how much did a pamphlet cost?
Cobbett published the 'Weekly political register's headline story on a 2d pamphlet from November 1816
55
What did Edward Baines publish and from what year?
The 'Leeds Mercury' from 1815
56
What did Thomas Wooler publish and from what year?
'Black Dwarf' from 1817
57
When was the Peterloo Massacre and how many died?
16 August 1819 with 18 dead and 400-700 injured
58
For how long was Henry Hunt imprisoned after the Peterloo Massacre?
2.5 years
59
In what year was a Secret Service established to infiltrate radical societies?
1793
60
Who was Thomas Muir and what was he sentenced for?
Thomas Muir wanted an elected assembly in Edinburgh called the National Convention. He was charged with sedition and sentenced to 14 years' transportation
61
Who was charged with encouraging others to read 'The Rights of Man' and to what was he sentenced?
Thomas Palmer was sentenced to seven years' transportation
62
In what year was Habeas Corpus suspended?
1794
63
Name the 'Two Acts' and the month and year they were passed
The 'Treasonable and Seditious Practices Act' and the 'Seditious Meetings Act' passed in December 1795
64
What did the Seditious Meetings Act do?
The act banned meetings of over 50 people whose object was to discuss reform or petition parliament
65
What did the Treasonable and Seditious Practices Act do?
The act broadened what was to be considered treason
66
Which laws banned trade union activity and in which years were they passed?
The 'Combination Acts' passed in 1799 and 1800
67
Name 3 pro-government conservative publications from the 1790s
The Sun, The Oracle, The True Briton
68
When did 'Church and King' clubs develop?
The early 1790s
69
What were 'Church and King' clubs?
Staunchly royalist and Anglican groups who used violence and intimidation to suppress dissenting voices against the Church of England
70
Where did C&K members prominently attack dissenters and in what years?
Birmingham - 1791
Manchester - 1792
71
How many loyalist groups (e.g. C&K clubs) were there by 1793?
>1000
72
Name the loyalist group established by John Reeves in 1792
The Association for Preserving Liberty and Property against Republicans and Levellers (APLP)
73
How many branches did the APLP have nationwide?
2000
74
What were 'the Volunteers' and when were they endorsed by the government?
A paramilitary force tasked with keeping order during the wars against the French - officially endorsed in 1794
75
In 1804, how many 'Volunteers' were there?
450,000
76
In what year was income tax first introduced and for what reason?
Income tax was introduced in 1797 to pay for the Napoleonic War
77
By what majority was income tax abolished and in what year?
Abolished in 1816 with a majority of 37 votes
78
When were game laws strengthened and what punishment did this introduce?
Strengthened in 1816 making poaching punishable by up to 7 years' imprisonment or transportation
79
Following what meeting was Habeas Corpus suspended in 1817?
The Spa Fields Meetings in December 1816
80
When was Habeas Corpus reinstated and how long had it been suspended for?
Reinstated in 1818 after a year's suspension
81
How many people attended the first meeting at Spa Fields?
20,000
82
What happened at the second meeting at Spa Fields that led to arrests?
200 of 2000 protesters marched to the Tower of London, looting a gun shop on their way
83
In what year and month was the Prince Regent's coach attacked?
January 1817
84
When did which group plan to assassinate Lord Liverpool's cabinet and who led the group?
The Cato Street Conspiracy led by Arthur Thistlewood planned to assissinate the cabinet in February 1820
85
Which government spy infiltrated the Cato Street Conspiracy?
George Edwards
86
What happened to the planners of the Cato Street Conspiracy?
Thistlewood and his co-conspirators were executed. 5 others involved were transported
87
When did Henry Hunt first speak on St Peter's Fields in Manchester and when was the Peterloo massacre?
Hunt first spoke in January 1819, Peterloo occurred on his second visit in August 1819
88
How many people gathered at Peterloo?
60,000
89
How many protestors were killed and injured during the Peterloo Massacre?
11 protestors were killed and 400-600 were injured
90
What was the Pentrich rebellion?
A small group of radicals in northern textile districts in 1817 rose up in Huddersfield and Derby
91
What was the outcome of the Pentrich Rebellion?
3 leaders were executed and 30 were transported
92
List the 'Six Acts'
1. Seditious Meetings Prevention Act
2. Seizure of Arms Act
3. Blasphemous and Seditious Libels Act
4. Training Prevention Act
5. Newspaper and Stamp Duties Act
6. Misdemeanours Act
93
What did the Seditious Meetings Prevention Act do?
It imposed restrictions on public meetings and gatherings
94
What did the Seizure of Arms Act do?
It gave magistrates the power to search for and seize arms
95
What did the Blasphemous and Seditious Libels Act do?
It allowed for searches for and the seizure of documents and literature that was deemed blasphemous or seditious
96
What did the Training Prevention Act do?
It banned the act of training a paramilitary
97
What did the Newspaper and Stamp Duties Act do?
It introduced a 4d duty on newspapers to try and prevent the spread of cheap, widely readable, radical literature
98
What did the Misdemeanours Act do?
It sped up the process of bringing a treason charge to trial
99
Who was PM when the 'Six Acts' were passed?
Lord Liverpool
100
By what percent did Britain's GDP increase from 1821-1829?
16.8%
101
By what percent did British manufacturing output increase from 1821-1829?
25%
102
Who led the 'Campaign for a Free Press'?
Richard Carlile
103
When and where did the Swing Riots break out?
Kent in 1830
104
To how many counties did the swing riots spread?
20
105
Between February and March of 1830, how many petitions calling for tax reductions in rural areas were sent to parliament?
200
106
Why was southern unrest during the Swing Riots so concerning for the government?
The south had not previously been associated with radical activity and was the seat of a majority of wealth landowners
107
How many ironworkers fought the Yeomanry killing two and in what year?
3000 ironworkers fought the yeomanry in 1821
108
In what year was a power loom destroyed in Shipley?
1822
109
Where were two Scottish workers brought in to break a rope workers' strike killed and in what year?
Liverpool in 1823
110
How many looms were smashed in how many mills during uprisings in 1825-1826?
1000 looms in 20 mills in Chadderton, Manchester, Skipton, and Bradford
111
In 1829 in Manchester, how many weaving shops were attacked and how many looms were destroyed?
4 shops were attacked, destroying 150 looms
112
When was the 'Birmingham Political Union' founded and by who?
The BPU was founded in 1830 by Thomas Attwood
113
How many attended a BPU meeting during the Days of May?
200,000
114
Which political union was established for working class members?
The National Union of the Working Class (NUWC)
115
How many political unions were there nationwide in 1831?
100
116
What fraction of political unions were in the north, midlands, and south?
1/3 in each
117
Where did political unions instigate violence after the House of Lords rejected the Second Reform Bill and when was this?
Violence was instigated in Bristol and Nottingham in October 1831
118
When was membership of a trade union legalised and why was this?
Membership of a trade union was legalised in 1824 when the Combination Acts were repealed
119
Name 2 pro-trade union publications and their publishers
Hodgkin's 'Trades Newspaper'
Doherty's 'Voice of the People'
120
Who was Doherty?
The leader of the Lancashire Spinners and founder of the General Union of the Operative Spinners of Great Britain
121
In what year did Lord Liverpool resign?
1827
122
How did Wellington anger the Canningites and what did they subsequently do?
Wellington refused to consider redistribution of parliamentary seats so the Canningites resigned from government
123
How did Wellington anger the Tory Ultras?
By supporting the Catholic Emancipation Act (1829) for fear of civil war in Ireland
124
When did the Catholic Emancipation Act pass?
1829
125
Which kings opposed the Whigs?
George III and George IV
126
In which years did the Whigs attempt to propose reform bills?
1792, 1793, 1797
127
What did the Whigs say to gain popular support?
That they would 'keep a check on the tyranny of monarchy'
128
Why was there an election in July 1830?
George IV died
129
When did Earl Grey become PM?
November 1830
130
What was unusual about Earl Grey's cabinet?
Despite being a Whig, his cabinet included Tory Canningite and Ultra MPs who supported his calls for reform
131
In what year was the Act of Union and what did it do?
1800 - abolished the Irish parliament
132
Why did the government pass the Act of Union?
There had been revolts in Ireland in 1798 and the government feared revolution
133
How many Tory MPs voted against the Catholic Emancipation Act of their own party?
173
134
From October 1830 to April 1831, how many petitions were handed to parliament?
3000
135
When was the First Reform Bill introduced to the Commons and what did it propose?
The bill was introduced in March 1831 and proposed a £10 property qualification for suffrage as well as the redistribution of 100 rotten boroughs
136
By how many votes did the First Reform Bill pass to second reading and what occurred as a result of this?
The bill passed by only 302 to 301 votes. Earl Grey PM called a general election after the bill was amended against his wishes so it could pass more comfortably
137
When was the Second Reform Bill introduced to parliament and by how many votes did it pass the Commons?
The Second Reform Bill was introduced in July 1831 and passed with 136 votes
138
How was the Second Reform Bill defeated and what did this spark?
The Lords mostly supported the Tories and rejected the bill by 47 votes, sparking rioting across the nation
139
For how long did rioters control Bristol in October 1831 and how many were killed and injured as a result?
Rioters occupied Bristol for three days, 12 were killed and >100 injured when troops suppressed the revolt
140
When was the Third Reform Bill introduced to parliament and why did it pass the Commons?
The Third Reform Bill was introduced in December 1831 and passed the Commons because the Whigs had a 162 vote majority
141
How was the Third Reform Bill defeated?
The bill was again defeated in the Lords by 9 votes
142
How did Earl Grey respond to the failure of the Third Reform Bill?
He asked William IV to name 50 new Whig peers and, when William IV refused, resigned in May 1832
143
Who was asked to form a government after Earl Grey's resignation in March 1832 and what did this trigger?
Duke Wellington was asked to return triggering the 'Days of May'
144
Who drew up a plan to withdraw money simultaneously from banks to trigger a banking crisis?
Francis Place
145
What did Francis Place famously say during the 'Days of May'?
"Let the Duke take office as Premier and we shall have a commotion in the nature of a civil war"
146
As a result of the 'Days of May' what happened in parliament?
Earl Grey returned as PM, William IV unnecessarily agreed to introduce 50 new Whig peers, the Lords voted to pass the Reform Act in June 1832
147
What was the Municipal Corporations Act and when was it passed?
The Act established a uniform system of municipal boroughs, to be governed by town councils elected by ratepayers. It was passed in 1835
148
What percentage of seats were contested after the Great Reform Act and what had this changed from?
50% of seats were contested, up from 30% in 1831
149
What was the income requirement to be an MP after the Great Reform Act?
£600
150
Until what year did voting remain public?
1872
151
How many boroughs were disenfranchised by the Great Reform Act and how many lost at least 1 MP?
56 boroughs were disenfranchised and 30 lost at least 1 MP
152
How many new boroughs were created in the Great Reform Act and how many seats were given to existing English counties?
42 new boroughs were created and 62 seats were added to English counties
153
How many seats did Wales, Scotland, and Ireland receive in the Great Reform Act?
Wales - 5 new seats
Scotland - 8 new seats
Ireland - 5 new seats
154
In counties what were the property requirements to vote after the Great Reform Act?
Own £10 of property
Rent £50 of property
155
In boroughs what were the property requirements to vote after the Great Reform Act?
Own or rent property worth £10 a year providing it had been owned or rented for at least one year and the owner paid taxes
156
After the Great Reform Act, what period was voting restricted to?
2 days
157
What number of boroughs had fewer than 500 electors after the Great Reform Act?
73
158
What number of boroughs had fewer than 300 electors after the Great Reform Act?
31
159
How many qualified to vote in Leeds as a result of the Great Reform Act and what percentage of the population was this?
5000 qualified to vote from a population of 125,000 (4%)
160
Who founded the 'London Working Men's Association' and in what year?
William Lovett founded the LWMA in 1836
161
What did the LWMA draft and in what year?
The LWMA and Lovett drew up the People's Charter in 1837
162
What did the People's Charter demand?
1. Universal suffrage for all men aged 21 and over
2. Secret ballot
3. Abolition of property qualifications for MPs allowing everyone to stand
4. Annual parliaments
5. Payments to MPs
6. Constituencies of equal size
163
In which years did the Chartists present petitions to parliament?
1839, 1842, 1848
164
Which society did the Tolpuddle Martyrs lead and in which year was it established?
The 'Friendly Society of Agricultural Labourers' established in 1833 to raise their wages
165
To what punishment were the Tolpuddle Martyrs sentenced?
7 years' transportation
166
In what month of 1834 did radicals march in London in protest of the Tolpuddle Martyrs and how many marched?
30,000 radicals marched in April 1834
167
In what year were the leaders of the Glasgow Spinners' strike transported?
1837
168
How many hand loom weavers were unemployed by the 1840s?
400,000
169
Which two movements, sparked by acts in 1833 and 1834, were the building blocks for Chartism?
The Anti-Poor Law and Ten-Hour movements
170
When was the first Factory Act?
1833
171
When was the Poor Law Amendment Act?
1834
172
Between 1830-36, how many 'unstamped' newspaper vendors were arrested?
700
173
What were the two opposing factions of Chartism?
Moral force Chartists and Physical force Chartists
174
What did Moral force Chartists advocate for and who led their faction?
Moral Force Chartists were led by William Lovett and Francis Place, advocating for non-violent protest, education, and cooperation with groups such as the Anti-Corn Law League
175
What did Physical force Chartists advocate for?
Physical force Chartists supported armed struggle such as Newport Uprising and Plug Riots
176
What was the Newport Rising and when did it occur?
The rising saw thousands of armed ironworkers and miners march to the Westgate Hotel in Newport on the 3-4th November 1839
177
Who led the Newport Rising and what were their punishments?
Zephaniah Williams - transported for life
William Lloyd Jones - transported for life
John Frost - transported for life
William Lovett - imprisonment
Feargus O'Connor - imprisonment
178
How many chartists were killed and wounded during the Newport Rising?
20 killed and 50 wounded
179
How many workers went on strike and in which counties during the Plug Riots?
500,000 workers in Staffordshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, and Yorkshire
180
In what year were the Plug Riots and how many counties were they affecting by September?
The Plug Riots started in 1842 and had spread to 15 English and Welsh and 8 Scottish counties by September
181
How many Chartists were arrested as a result of the Plug Riots?
1000
182
Who began the first Chartist petition and how many signatures did it recieve?
Thomas Attwood began the petition in 1838, presenting it to parliament in May 1839 with 1.2 million signatures
183
What was formed in February 1839 by the Chartists?
A National Chartist Convention to discuss their reaction if parliament rejected the first petition
184
By how many votes did parliament reject the first Chartist petition and what was the reaction?
The Commons rejected the petition by 235 votes to 46. Plans for a general strike fell through and 6000 troops were sent north to suppress unrest
185
When was the second Chartist petition sent to parliament and how many signatures did it recieve?
It was presented in April 1842 with 3.3 million signatures
186
By how many votes did parliament reject the second Chartist petition?
287 votes to 49
187
In what year was Feargus O'Connor elected MP for Nottingham?
1847
188
When did the Chartists organise a rally on Kennington Common, London?
April 1848
189
How many signatures did the Chartists claim were on the third petition and how many were in fact real?
They claimed it to have received 5.7 million signatures however only 2 million were real
190
How many special constables did the Duke of Wellington create in response to keep the peace in light of the third Chartist petition?
150,000
191
In what year was O'Connor declared insane before his death?
1855
192
What Chartist organisation was formed after the failure of the first petition?
The National Charter Association
193
When and where was the 'National Charter Association' formed?
The NCA was formed in Manchester in July 1840
194
How many branches and members did the National Charter Association have in April 1842 and to what had this increased by 1843?
In April 1842, the NCA had 50,000 members across 401 branches. This was 70,000 members by the end of the year
195
What form of Chartism did the National Chartist Association oppose?
Physical Force Chartism
196
Who formed the Complete Suffrage Union and in what year?
Joseph Sturge formed the CSU in 1842
197
What did the Complete Suffrage Union campaign for?
Greater cooperation between the Chartists and other organisations such as the Anti-Corn Law League - religious equality, free trade, and greater franchise
198
In what month did the Complete Suffrage Union reach 50 branches nationwide?
April 1842
199
At the end of which year was the Complete Suffrage Union dissolved?
The CSU was dissolved at the end of 1842
200
Who introduced the Chartist 'New Move' and what did this entail?
John Collins and William Lovett shifted the strategy of Chartism onto education by setting up schools and churches
201
Why was William Lovett forced out of the Chartist movement and by who?
Lovett was forced out of the movement by Feargus O'Connor after the 'new move' made Chartism more moderate
202
What organisation did William Lovett establish after his expulsion from the Chartism movement and how many members did it have?
Lovett founded the 'National Association of the United Kingdom for Promoting the Social and Political Improvement of the People' (NAPIP) which had 500 members
203
In which country did 'christian Chartism' develop?
Scotland
204
Which Chartists were involved in local government and in which cities?
Joshua Hobson in Leeds and Isaac Ironside in Sheffield
205
Who developed the Chartist 'land plan' and what was it?
Feargus O'Connor aimed to ease unemployment and improve the lives of workers by purchasing land and renting it to members
206
How much were Chartist land plan shares sold for and how much was the rent on a plot of land?
Shares were sold for 3d per week and rent for a 4 acre plot with a cottage was £1,5s per year
207
How much money was collected for the Chartist 'land plan' and from how many subscribers? How many people recieved a plot?
£100,000 from 70,000 subscribers - only 250 people received a plot
208
Who was the founder of the Anti Corn Law League and when did he found it?
Richard Cobden founded the ACLL in 1839
209
When and where did the Reform League hold a meeting to discuss action after the failure of the First Liberal Bill?
The League met at Hyde Park on the 23rd July 1866
210
Which Conservative home secretary declared the Reform League's Hyde Park meeting illegal?
Spencer Walpole
211
How many people invaded Hyde Park during the Reform League's 1866 meeting after police tried to stop entry and how did they enter the park?
200,000 people entered the park after skirmishes with police by swinging on the railings until they collapsed
212
Which of the Reform League's leaders led their Hyde Park meeting?
John Bedford Leno
213
In what month of what year was the First Liberal Bill introduced and by which PM?
William Gladstone introduced the bill to parliament in March 1866
214
What did the First Liberal Bill propose about property voting qualifications?
It proposed to reduce the borough franchise to £7 rented or owned per year and the county franchise to £14
215
How many voters would the First Liberal Bill have enfranchised?
370,000 would be enfranchised by reduced property qualifications
216
What was the name of the faction who split from the Liberals after the First Liberal Bill and who led it?
Robert Lowe led the Adullamites against the First Liberal Bill
217
When the Liberal government collapsed after the First Liberal Bill, who formed a government, and who was the Chancellor?
The Conservatives formed a minority government with the Earl of Derby as PM and Benjamin Disraeli as Chancellor
218
Who proposed a second reform bill and why?
Benjamin Disraeli (Chancellor) proposed the bill to attempt to win moderate voters for the Conservatives instead of the Liberals
219
Which cabinet ministers resigned as a result of Disraeli's proposed reform bill?
Cranbourne, Peel, and Carnarvon
220
Between what months was Disraeli's bill amended and debated and what was surprising about it's final form?
The bill was amended from February to August of 1867 and surprisingly finished with a larger extension of the franchise than when Disraeli had first introduced it
221
When did Lord Palmerstone return to power as PM for which party?
Palmerstone returned in 1859 as Liberal PM
222
In which year did Palmerstone win a second election before quickly dying?
1865
223
Who replaced Lord Palmerstone after his death in 1865?
Earl Russel
224
In the Second Reform Act (1867) how many seats were taken from boroughs with fewer than 10,000 people and how many were disenfranchised?
The Second Reform Act removed 45 seats from boroughs with <10,000 people and disenfranchised 7
225
How may of the seats taken from small boroughs by the Second Reform Act were distributed to:
a) counties
b) new boroughs
c) existing boroughs
d) the University of London
a) Counties gained 25 new seats
b) New boroughs gained 20 seats
c) 6 existing boroughs gained 1 seat
d) 1 seat was reserved for the University of London
226
To what did the Second Reform Act (1867) reduce property qualifications to vote in boroughs and counties?
In boroughs, men had to own or rent land worth £10 for at least 1 year. In counties this was £5
227
How many voters were added to the electorate by the Second Reform Act?
1,000,000 (1 million)
228
When did Disraeli become PM and who won the election that autumn?
Disraeli became PM in February 1868 after the Earl of Derby's death but the liberals won the next election with an even larger majority
229
What fraction of adult men could vote after the Second Reform Act?
1/3
230
What voting system maintained upper class advantage after the Second Reform Act?
Plural voting allowed those who owned property in a borough and a county to vote twice (once in each)
231
What section of society did the Second Reform Act address which the Great Reform Act had failed to include?
Lower middle class and some skilled workers
