Booklet 4

Question 1

Which two foreign powers were entrenched in Italy and where were they?

Answer 1

France-Rome
Austria-Venetia

Question 2

What was the name and date of the agreement which agreed the removal of French troops from Rome?

Answer 2

The September convention 1864

Question 3

Why did the great powers support Austrian control of Venetia

Answer 3

To maintain the balance of power in Europe

Question 4

When did Cavour die and who replaced him?

Answer 4

June 1861
Ricasoli

Question 5

Which PM tried to stab the king?

Answer 5

Farini

Question 6

List 3 weaknesses of the Italian parliamentary system

Answer 6

-weak parliamentary discipline
-ministers had a lack of support for the king
-parliament was unrepresentative

Question 7

List three areas of unity encouraged by the creation of the new state

Answer 7

-a single criminal legal code
-unified army and navy
-education under state control

Question 8

What was the period of hatred between the church and state know as?

Answer 8

Fractious cohabitation

Question 9

List three reasons for why the church felt they were under attack during the 1860s

Answer 9

-theologians
-scientific theory
-margotti argued that Catholics should neither be elected not electors

Question 10

What education law was never introduced in the south?

Answer 10

Casati law

Question 11

What was cavour attitude towards the south?

Answer 11

He wanted to crush any opposition in it

Question 12

Define Piedmontisation

Answer 12

Divided the new kingdom
all customs, coinage, weights and measures were standardised at least in theory
The Piedmontese constitution became the Italian constitution

Question 13

How was piedmontisation paid for?

Answer 13

Education was paid for by attacking the church
High taxes (grist+flour)

Question 14

Why didn’t the jury system work in the south?

Answer 14

The mafia were able to corrupt and intimidate the judges

Question 15

Why was Lombardy upset by piedmontisation?

Answer 15

It had been promised its own Constitution and it had its own legal system, education system and local government

Question 16

List 3 groups who made up the brigands

Answer 16

-young men avoiding conscription
-bourbon soldiers
-10,000 convicts

Question 17

How many soldiers were deployed by Piedmont to crush the brigands?

Answer 17

120,000

Question 18

How many brigands were there and name one of their leaders

Answer 18

82,000
Crocco

Question 19

How big was Italy’s debt by 1861?

Answer 19

2450 million lire

Question 20

What unpopular taxes were introduced in 1865 and 1878?

Answer 20

Flour tax
Grist tax

Question 21

By 1866 what % of state expenditure was spent on the deficit?

Answer 21

60%

Question 22

What happened following the introduction of the unpopular grist tax in 1868?

Answer 22

250 deaths and 1000 wounded in riots

Question 23

When did the state start to sell off church land and how many acres were sold in the next 9 years

Answer 23

1867
9 million

Question 24

What % of agricultural produce was used each year to finance state debt?

Answer 24

30%

Question 25

By 1861 how many industrial workers were there and what % were women and children?

Answer 25

3 million 80%

Question 26

Which States had absolutely no railway?

Answer 26

Sardinia Sicily

Question 27

When was the mount cenis tunnel opened?

Answer 27

1879

Question 28

What is meant by the term dual economy?

Answer 28

The north and the south and two different kinds of economys

Question 29

What is real Italy?

Answer 29

Those who felt isolated and betrayed by piedmontisation

Question 30

What is legal Italy?

Answer 30

those who were part of the state

Question 31

list some causes of the brigands war

Answer 31

the collapse of bourbon rule the mafia increased taxes conscription public opinion against VE

Question 32

what was the syllabus of errors?

Answer 32

rejected all modern ideas church would have control over education, culture and science would not accept progress

Question 33

what is the dogma of papal infallibility?

Answer 33

the pope was never wrong decided by the Vatican council pope’s statement were indisputable proclaimed in July 1870

Question 34

What organisation was set up in 1861 to campaign for Venetia?

Answer 34

Italian Freedom Association

Question 35

What was the name of Garibaldi's supporter arrested on the border of Austria?

Answer 35

Nullo

Question 36

How did Garibaldi try to make the issue of Venetia international in 1864?

Answer 36

He visited London to use the publicity to raise the issue of the liberation of Venice

Question 37

What was agreed at a meeting between Bismarck and Govone in Berlin?

Answer 37

Italy was to receive Venetia in return for their war contribution

Question 38

List 4 military errors/failures of the Italians during the 1866 war

Answer 38

-Admiral Persano didn't know how to lead -organisation was bad -the rivalries of officers and the presence of the monarch led to poor decisions being made -they lost 3 ships at the battle of Lissa

Question 39

Describe how Italy gained Venetia

Answer 39

Austria gave Venetia to France and they gave it to Italy

Question 40

How did Italy pay for the 1866 war?

Answer 40

Nationalising church land in 1867 Introducing the grist tax in 1868

Question 41

List 4 reasons for the bad relations between church and state during the 1860s

Answer 41

-Piedmont had defeated the papal forces at Castelfidardo in September 1860 -Louis Napoleon had failed to protect the pope in 1860 which forced a vote on the Rome question -Garibaldi attempted to take Rome in 1862 -the September convention 1864 led to riots resulting in the deaths of 23 people in Turin

Question 42

When did Garibaldi first try and take Rome and where was he injured

Answer 42

He left Caprera in 1862 and gathered 4000 men Shot in his foot

Question 43

When did he try again and with what result

Answer 43

At Mentana on November 3rd 1867 He was easily defeated

Question 44

Who led the Italian army when they took Rome in 1870

Answer 44

General Cardorna

Question 45

How many soldiers died during the taking of Rome

Answer 45

49 Italian soldiers 19 papal troops 4 officers

Question 46

When was Rome captured and when was the plebiscite finailsed

Answer 46

October 2nd October 9th

Question 47

What was the name of the law passed by the government to try and appease the pope

Answer 47

Law of guarantees

Question 48

How did the pope react to the law of guarantees

Answer 48

He declared himself a prisoner in the vatican

Question 49

Give two reasons for the decline and weakness of industry in the south

Answer 49

Lack of capital and skilled labour Lack of water

Question 50

What was tax revenue used for by 1871

Answer 50

Public works Land reclamation Military

Question 51

What % of children died before their 1st and 5th birthdays

Answer 51

22.7% 50%

Question 52

List 3 things the pope gained from the law of guarantees

Answer 52

Own postal service Full religious powers 3225000 lire per year

Question 53

Why were there two courts systems in Italy by 1871

Answer 53

To weaken italy

Question 54

Why did 60% of those eligible to vote in 1871 not vote

Answer 54

Catholics and Republicans boycotted on principle

Question 55

Who led a Republican uprising against the monarchy in may 1870

Answer 55

Barsanti

Question 56

What was irridentism

Answer 56

The unification of geographical areas which indigenous ethnic Italians and Italian-speaking persons formed a majority or substantial minority of the population

Question 57

List 4 places that irridentists wanted to reclaim after 1871

Answer 57

Trentino Rome Istria Trieste

Question 58

How did the monarchy promote unity in 1871

Answer 58

-King VE and the new state meant there was a constitutional monarchy -symbol of stability -was on good terms with foreign powers

Question 59

How did the army promote unity in 1871

Answer 59

-prepared to use force if necessary -recruits were taken from all over Italy -used to crush internal enemies of the state

Question 60

How did the civil service promote unity in 1871

Answer 60

-gave jobs to veterans -ran the economy education and state finances -created a centralised government

Question 61

How did the local government promote unity in 1871

Answer 61

-ensured the works of the government was guaranteed in local areas -a mayor ran each of the 8382 communi -the country was divided into 69 provinces