BookQuestions Ch.10-12, 16-22, 24-25

Question 1

The key to answering the second basic diagnostic question is:

A. Gingival bleeding

B. Attachment loss

C. Tooth mobility

Answer 1

B. Attachment loss

Question 2

Migration of the junctional epithelium to a position apical to the level

of the CEJ is termed:

A. The natural level of the gingival attachment

B. Change inconsistency

C. Attachment loss

Answer 2

C. Attachment loss

Question 3

Signs of periodontal disease are features of the disease that are observed by:

A. The patient

B. The clinician

C. Both A and B

Answer 3

B. The clinician

Question 4

The natural level of the junctional epithelium is located:

A. At the same level as the CEJ

B. Apical to the CEJ

C. Coronal to the CEJ

Answer 4

A. At the same level as the CEJ

Question 5

Staging of periodontitis defines the:

A. Severity of disease

B. Extent of disease

C. Rate of progression of disease

D. Category of disease

Answer 5

A. Severity of disease

Question 6

ADA Case Type II patients are defined as patients having:

A. Gingivitis only

B. Slight (mild) periodontitis

C. Moderate periodontitis

Answer 6

B. Slight (mild) periodontitis

Question 7

Self-care education for a patient is normally provided during which phase of treatment?

A. Assessment phase and preliminary therapy

B. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy phase

C. Restorative therapy phase

Answer 7

B. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy phase

Question 8

Disease grading indicates:

A. Severity of disease

B. Extent of disease

C. Rate of progression of disease

D. Category of disease

Answer 8

D. Category of disease

Question 9

A systematic approach to clinical problem solving which allows the integration of best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values is called___________.

A. Systematic review

B. Evidence-based health care

C. Shared decision making

Answer 9

B. Evidence-based health care

Question 10

Examples of shared decision-making characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Establish patient preferences

B. Develop a treatment plan for what you think is best for the patient

C. Identify important patient goals

D. Develop a periodontal care plan with the patient

Answer 10

B. Develop a treatment plan for what you think is best for the patient

Question 11

Sharing expertise includes:

A. Dentist and hygienist collaboration

B. Family and friends

C. Providing research to the patient

D. Clinician and patient collaboration

Answer 11

D. Clinician and patient collaboration

Question 12

Factors that increase an individual’s susceptibility to periodontitis by modifying the host response to bacterial infection are called:

A. Contributing factors

B. Genetic influences

C. Neutrophils

D. Biologic equilibrium

Answer 12

A. Contributing factors = Genetic influences

Question 13

Periodontal risk questionnaires may be helpful in:

A. Identifying individual who are at high risk for periodontal disease

B. Eliciting the presence of common periodontal risk factors

C. Initiating a discussion with patients about periodontal risk factors

D. All of the above

Answer 13

D. All of the above

Question 14

Periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology, and social atmosphere can be a contributing risk factor for periodontal disease.

A. The first phrase is true, the second phrase is false

B. The first phrase is false, the second phrase is true

C. Both phrases are true

D. Both phrases are false

Answer 14

C. Both phrases are true

Question 15

Factors that increase an individual’s susceptibility to periodontitis by modifying the host response to bacterial infection are called:

A. Systemic risk factors

B. Genetic influences

C. Neutrophils

D. Biologic equilibrium

Answer 15

A. Systemic risk factors

Question 16

In smokers, smoking cessation might prevent more periodontal disease than daily plaque control.

A. True

B. False

Answer 16

A. True

Question 17

Smoking may increase the risk for periodontal disease by at least

two to three times.

A. True

B. False

Answer 17

A. True

Question 18

Persons with well-controlled diabetes have no more periodontal disease than persons without diabetes.

A. True

B. False

Answer 18

A. True

Question 19

Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to have periodontitis?

A. An individual with well-controlled diabetes

B. An individual who does not have diabetes

C. An individual with poorly controlled diabetes

Answer 19

C. An individual with poorly controlled diabetes

Question 20

Levels of sex hormones may have an effect on the periodontium.

A. True

B. False

Answer 20

A. True

Question 21

ALL pregnant women develop gingivitis.

A. True

B. False

Answer 21

B. False

Question 22

Certain individuals have a genetically determined immune response that predisposes them to periodontal disease.

A. True

B. False

Answer 22

A. True

Question 23

Abnormalities in PMN function can lead to overwhelming systemic bacterial infection and increased susceptibility to severe periodontal destruction.

A. True

B. False

Answer 23

A. True

Question 24

Individuals with Down Syndrome rarely develop periodontitis.

A. True

B. False

Answer 24

B. False

Question 25

Which of the following **medications** commonly cause **gingival hyperplasia**? A. Tetracycline (Achromycin) B. Ibuprofen (Advil, Midol, Nuprin) C. Phenytoin (Dilantin) D. Alprazolam (Xanax)

Answer 25

C. **Phenytoin (Dilantin)**

Question 26

High financial **stress** increases the incidence of periodontal disease A. True B. False

Answer 26

A. **True**

Question 27

All of the following are **metabolic syndrome disturbances** that increase risk for periodontal disease EXCEPT: A. High blood pressure B. High blood sugar C. Abnormal cholesterol levels D. Gout

Answer 27

D. **Gout**

Question 28

**Calculus** is considered a **local risk factor** because: A. The surface of calculus is irregular and provides a place for bacteria to grow undisturbed B. The bacteria derive many of their needed nutrients from the hard calculus deposits C. The surface of calculus can damage the adjacent soft tissue through direct trauma D. Calculus is the primary cause of periodontal disease

Answer 28

A. **The surface of calculus is irregular and provides a place for bacteria to grow undisturbed**

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a **mechanism for attachment** of calculus to a tooth surface? A. Attachment by means of pellicle B. Attachment to the blood clots that can form on the tooth C. Attachment to irregularities that occur in the surface of a tooth D. Attachment by direct contact of the calcified component and the tooth surface

Answer 29

B. **Attachment** to the **blood clots** that can **form on the tooth**

Question 30

The term **overhanging restoration** refers to restorations (or fillings) that: A. Are accidentally placed on the wrong tooth B. Are not smoothly contoured with the tooth surface C. Contain grooves or concavities in the surface of the restoration D. Cover the entire anatomical crown of the tooth

Answer 30

B. **Are not smoothly contoured with the tooth surface**

Question 31

**Pathogenicity of plaque** refers to: A. The ability of plaque to contribute to tooth staining B. The likelihood that the patient will be able to detect the plaque C. Damage to the periodontium from occlusal forces D. Disease-causing potential of the plaque

Answer 31

D. **Disease-causing potential of the plaque**

Question 32

**Parafunctional occlusal forces** are forces placed on the teeth that: A. Occur only during the act of chewing food B. Occur from repeated use of chewing gum C. Result from tooth to tooth contact other than during chewing food D. Can be detected only after occlusal adjustment

Answer 32

C. **Result from tooth to tooth contact other than during chewing food**

Question 33

Which of the following can result in direct damage to the periodontium? A. Failure to remove plaque from the surfaces of teeth B. A dental prosthesis that impinges on the gingiva C. Way too many soft foods in the diet D. Both A and B

Answer 33

D. Both A and B **Failure to remove plaque from the surfaces of teeth** and **A dental prosthesis that impinges on the gingiva**

Question 34

A healthy immune system decreases the incidence of periodontal disease. A. True B. False

Answer 34

A. **True**

Question 35

Research shows that diets **high** in **refined carbohydrates** increase the risk for periodontal disease. A. True B. False

Answer 35

A. **True**

Question 36

Emerging scientific evidence indicates **obesity** appears to play a role in the etiology of periodontal disease. A. True B. False

Answer 36

A. **True**

Question 37

Diets deficient in **vitamin D, calcium**, and **antioxidants** increase the risk for periodontal disease. A. True B. False

Answer 37

A. **True**

Question 38

**Antioxidants** are substances that occur naturally in the body and certain foods inhibit oxidation and may block damage to cells by **free radicals.** A. True B. False

Answer 38

A. **True**

Question 39

**Vitamin C** has effective antioxidant properties and helps protect against the **ROS** generated during inflammatory responses. A. True B. False

Answer 39

A. **True**

Question 40

In comparing smokers and nonsmokers with periodontitis, smokers have **all** of the following EXCEPT: A. More attachment loss B. More gingival recession C. Fewer teeth with furcation involvement D. More tooth loss

Answer 40

C. **Fewer teeth with furcation involvement**

Question 41

The effect of smoking and periodontal destruction is dose-dependent with number of cigarettes daily. Nonsmokers and smokers heal well in response to periodontal treatment. A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. The first statement is true, the second false D. The first statement is false, the second true

Answer 41

C. The **first** statement is **true**, the **second** statement **false**

Question 42

What percentage of the periodontitis cases among adults in the United States is associated with **current** and **former smoking**? A. 10% B. 25% C. 35% D. Greater than 50%

Answer 42

D. **Greater** than **50%** approximately **half of periodontitis cases** could be attributed to either **current (42.9%) smoking** **or** **former smoking (10.9%).**

Question 43

Smokers are at higher risk for tooth loss. In smokers, the periodontal tissues are continuously exposed to more than 4,000 toxins in smoke. A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. The first statement is true, the second false D. The first statement is false, the second true

Answer 43

A. **Both** statements are **true**

Question 44

In smokers, the clinical signs of inflammation, such as **redness** and **bleeding** upon probing, are: A. Diminished, less evident, than in nonsmokers B. Exaggerated in comparison to inflammation in nonsmokers C. Similar to that of nonsmokers D. Bleeding is more pronounced

Answer 44

A. **Diminished, less evident, than in nonsmokers**

Question 45

In smokers, the lack of bleeding on probing does NOT indicate healthy tissue as it does in nonsmokers. A. True B. False

Answer 45

A. **True**

Question 46

Smoking cessation is beneficial to periodontal health. The American Academy of Periodontology does NOT recommend including tobacco cessation counseling in periodontal therapy. A. Both statements are true B. Both statements are false C. The first statement is true, the second false D. The first statement is false, the second true

Answer 46

C. The **first** statement is **true**, the **second** statement **false**

Question 47

The comprehensive periodontal assessment is a **rapid** information-gathering process to determine health versus disease. A. True B. False

Answer 47

B. **False** (not rapid) *in-depth information-gathering process used to gather the detailed data needed to document the complete periodontal health status of a patient.*

Question 48

The **PSR (Periodontal Screening and Recording)** requires that the clinician probe which of the following tooth surfaces? A. Only the facial surfaces of the teeth B. Only the lingual surfaces of the teeth C. Only the mesial and distal surfaces of the teeth D. All surfaces of the teeth

Answer 48

D. **All surfaces of the teeth**

Question 49

During a comprehensive periodontal assessment, probing depth measurements are recorded on how many surfaces of each tooth? A. 1 surface B. 2 surfaces C. 4 surfaces D. 6 surfaces

Answer 49

D. **6 surfaces**

Question 50

Which of the following is a synonym for **exudate**? A. Pus B. Blood C. Calculus D. Fremitus

Answer 50

A. **Pus**

Question 51

**Gingival recession** means that the free gingival margin is: A. Coronal to the CEJ B. At the same level as the CEJ C. Apical to the CEJ D. Even with the free gingival margin of the adjacent teeth

Answer 51

C. **Apical to the CEJ**

Question 52

When measuring **tooth mobility**, the preferred clinical technique is for the clinician to trap each tooth between: A. Two fingers B. One finger and an instrument handle C. Two instrument handles D. The working ends of two probes

Answer 52

C. **Two instrument handles**

Question 53

**Furcation involvement** is measured with what type of instrument? A. Explorer B. Curved periodontal probe C. Straight periodontal probe D. Gracey curette

Answer 53

B. **Curved periodontal probe**

Question 54

**Attached gingiva** is the part of the gingiva that is tightly connected to the cementum or periosteum. A. True B. False

Answer 54

A. **True**

Question 55

Which of the following is the most **accurate measurement of tooth support**? A. Probing depths B. Clinical attachment levels

Answer 55

B. **Clinical attachment levels**

Question 56

All of the following are **radiolucent materials** and **structures**, EXCEPT: A. Tooth pulp B. Enamel C. Periodontal ligament space D. Marrow spaces in the bone

Answer 56

B. **Enamel**

Question 57

The **normal level** of the alveolar bone is approximately ________ apical to the cementoenamel junction. A. 0.5 mm B. Less than 1 mm C. 2 mm D. 3 mm

Answer 57

C. **2 mm**

Question 58

When one of two adjacent teeth is tilted or erupted to a **different height** than its neighboring tooth, the crest of the interproximal bone will have a _________ crest contour. A. Angular B. Horizontal C. Parallel D. Vertical

Answer 58

A. **Angular**

Question 59

The **alveolar bone proper** is the thin layer of dense bone that lines a normal tooth socket. On a radiograph, the alveolar bone proper is identified as the: A. Alveolar bone proper B. Periodontal ligament space C. Cortical bone D. Lamina dura

Answer 59

D. **Lamina dura** (strong bone)

Question 60

On a radiograph, **widening** of the **periodontal ligament space** is an indication of: A. Tooth mobility B. A partially erupted tooth C. Triangulation D. Subgingival calculus

Answer 60

A. **Tooth mobility**

Question 61

On a radiograph, when the **crestal bone** between two adjacent teeth has a **pointed**, **triangular** appearance, this is termed: A. Tooth mobility B. A partially erupted tooth C. Triangulation D. Subgingival calculus

Answer 61

C. **Triangulation**

Question 62

Radiographs may useful in visualizing all of the following **signs of periodontitis**, EXCEPT: A. Periodontal pockets B. Horizontal bone loss C. Vertical bone loss D. Recognition of local contributing risk factors

Answer 62

A. **Periodontal pockets**

Question 63

The **best method** for detection of **subgingival calculus** deposits is: A. Dental radiograph B. Periodontal explorer

Answer 63

B. **Periodontal explorer**

Question 64

Which of the following is a component of **evidenced-based care**? A. Scientific evidence B. Clinical experience C. Patient preference D. All of the above

Answer 64

D. **All of the above**

Question 65

Which type of **evidence** carries the **highest rank**? A. Randomized clinical trial B. Systematic review C. Cohort study D. Case-controlled study

Answer 65

B. **Systematic review**

Question 66

The tendency to look for or **interpret information** that **confirms our beliefs** is called: A. Natural selection B. Affirmative action C. Confirmation bias D. Best practice

Answer 66

C. **Confirmation bias**

Question 67

Factors that **influence the type of care** a patient selects include: A. Cost of care B. Pain associated with treatment C. Insurance benefits D. All of the above

Answer 67

D. **All of the above**

Question 68

A **well-rounded continuing education** course will spur the need to? A. Re-affirm some current ways of practicing B. Re-energize the need to make change C. Re-examine new ideas or concepts D. All of the above

Answer 68

D. **All of the above**

Question 69

New products and research are **always** superior to the traditional way of doing things. A. True B. False

Answer 69

B. **False**

Question 70

**Peer-reviewed journals** use a panel of experts to review research articles for study design, statistics, and conclusions. A. True B. False

Answer 70

A. **True**

Question 71

The **goal** of **best practice** is consistent, superior patient outcomes. A. True B. False

Answer 71

A. **True**

Question 72

Which of the following is **NOT** a **goal** of **nonsurgical periodontal therapy**? A. Minimize the bacterial challenge to the patient B. Eliminate the need for daily self-care C. Stabilize the attachment level on the teeth

Answer 72

B. **Eliminate the need for daily self-care**

Question 73

Successful periodontal debridement **always** results in the **complete removal** of **all cementum** from a root surface exposed due to clinical attachment loss. A. True B. False

Answer 73

B. **False**

Question 74

The **endpoint** for **periodontal debridement** is which of the following? A. Return of soft tissue health B. Increased pigmentation of the gingiva C. Decreased need for daily self-care

Answer 74

A. **Return of soft tissue health**

Question 75

The type of **healing** that occurs following successful root instrumentation is a **long junctional epithelium**. A. True B. False

Answer 75

A. **True**

Question 76

**Pain** caused by **dentinal hypersensitivity** can result from mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli. A. True B. False

Answer 76

A. **True**

Question 77

Management of **mild dentinal hypersensitivity** following nonsurgical periodontal therapy can include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Meticulous efforts at daily self-care B. Using chemical agents in toothpaste to occlude (block) dentinal tubules C. Applying acidic solutions to the exposed tooth roots

Answer 77

C. **Applying acidic solutions to the exposed tooth roots**

Question 78

When considering a decision for a **referral** to a **specialist** in periodontics which of the following type of patients should normally be referred? A. Patients with moderate plaque-induced gingivitis B. Patients with Stage I periodontitis C. Patients with Stage III periodontitis

Answer 78

C. **Patients with Stage III periodontitis**

Question 79

Who should be involved in determining which **devices** and **aids** a patient uses for **plaque control**? A. The dentist B. The dental hygienist C. The patient D. All of the above

Answer 79

D. **All of the above**

Question 80

Power toothbrushes should be recommended **ONLY** for individuals with a disability. A. True B. False

Answer 80

B. **False**

Question 81

Patients with **type II embrasure** spaces need to use interdental brushes and wooden toothpicks to effectively control plaque biofilm. A. True B. False

Answer 81

A. **True**

Question 82

A **coated tongue** is the primary oral **malodor** inducing factor. A. True B. False

Answer 82

A. **True**

Question 83

Which of the following interdental aids would be recommended for a patient with **type I embrasure** spaces throughout the mouth? A. An interdental brush B. Standard dental floss C. Tufted dental floss D. Toothpick and Holder

Answer 83

B. **Standard dental floss**

Question 84

Which of the following might be recommended for **plaque removal** in an exposed **furcation** area on a tooth that has experienced **gingival recession**? A. An interdental brush B. Standard dental floss C. Tufted dental floss D. Toothpick and Holder

Answer 84

A. **An interdental brush**

Question 85

Which of the following is the **most effective** means for cleaning **exposed root concavities**? A. An interdental brush B. Standard dental floss C. Tufted dental floss D. Toothpick and Holder

Answer 85

A. **An interdental brush**

Question 86

**Dental floss** has shown to provide **superior** biofilm and bleeding reductions when compared to **alternative interdental aids**. A. True B. False

Answer 86

B. **False**