Bordeaux Flashcards
(320 cards)
1
Q
What percentage of France’s total vineyards are in Bordeaux?
A
14%
2
Q
How far does the Bordeaux area stretch inland?
A
130km
3
Q
What are the 2 rivers and estuary which run through Bordeaux?
A
Garrone River
Dordogne River
Gironde Estuary
4
Q
What is the climate of Bordeaux?
A
Maritime
5
Q
What is the average rainfall in the Medoc annually?
A
950mm
6
Q
What 3 risks does rain cause for Bordeaux?
A
It can interrupt flowering
It encourages rot
It swells berries before harvest, diluting the final wine
7
Q
What is the impact of the Atlantic Gulf Stream on Bordeaux’s climate?
A
Gulf Stream brings warm water up from the Caribbean keeping the climate mild despite being on the sea
8
Q
What are the 6 grape varieties authorised for Bordeaux AOP?
A
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Petit Verdot
Malbec
Carmenere
9
Q
What are the top 3 red grapes of Bordeaux, and how much of Bordeaux’s red plantings do they take up?
A
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
99% of red platings
10
Q
What are the 7 authorised white grapes of Bordeaux?
A
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle
Sauvignon Gris
Ugni Blanc
Merlot Blanc
Colombard
11
Q
How many trial grapes were approved in 2021 for Bordeaux?
A
6 total
4 red grapes
2 white grapes
12
Q
What is the purpose of Bordeaux trialling new grapes in 2021?
A
To combat climate change
13
Q
What percentage of Bordeaux’s plantings are red?
A
90%
14
Q
What is Bordeaux’s most planted red grape?
A
Merlot
15
Q
What is Bordeaux’s most planted white grape?
A
Semillon
16
Q
Which soils does Merlot perform best on in Bordeaux?
A
Cool clay soils
17
Q
What soils does Cabernet Sauvignon perform best on in Bordeaux?
A
Warmer gravel soils
18
Q
What are the parents of Cabernet Sauvignon?
A
Cabernet Franc x Sauvignon Blanc
19
Q
Which Bordeaux grapes share Cabernet Franc as a parent?
A
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Carmenere
20
Q
Which grape is a parent to both Merlot and Malbec?
A
Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
21
Q
What notable aromatic characteristic do all the main grapes of Bordeaux share?
A
Pyrezine - gives grapes their green note, frequently notes as asparagus and fresh tobacco and blackcurrant bush
22
Q
What percentage of red plantings does Merlot hold in Bordeaux?
A
63%
23
Q
What is the main risk to Merlot in Bordeaux and why?
A
Rot due to thin skins
24
Q
Why is Merlot susceptible to coulure?
A
It’s early budding
25
What does Merlot provide to a Bordeaux blend?
Blue and plum fruit
Warm alcohol
26
What percentage of red plantings does Cabernet Sauvignon hold in Bordeaux?
25%
27
Why is Cabernet Sauvignon able to resist rot better?
It has thick skins
28
What does Cabernet Sauvignon add to Bordeaux blends?
Tannin
Phenolic ripeness
29
What percentage of red plantings does Cabernet Franc hold in Bordeaux?
11%
30
On which Bordeaux bank does Cabernet Franc have the higher plantings?
Right bank
31
What does Cabernet Franc add to Bordeaux blends?
Acidity and aromatics
32
When did Malbec arrive to Bordeaux?
1730s
33
How are Malbec and Petit Verdot used in Bordeaux blends?
As accessory grapes, often to lift some aromatics, provide some structure, or add colour
34
What percentage of white plantings does Semillon hold in Bordeaux?
45%
35
Why is Semillon ideal for botrytis?
It is thin skinned, allowing botrytis to easily pierce through the skin to reach the grape
36
What characteristics does Semillon add to a white Bordeaux blend?
Wax, honeydew, and richness
37
What percentage of white plantings does Sauvignon Blanc hold in Bordeaux?
43%
38
What grape dominates dry white wine blends in Bordeaux?
Sauvignon Blanc
39
What are the 2 styles of Bordeaux Sauvignon Blanc?
Rich and barrel aged
Grassy and racy
40
What is the name of the grey-skinned mutation of Sauvignon Blanc?
Sauvignon Gris
41
What percentage of white plantings does Muscadelle hold in Bordeaux?
5%
42
What aromatics does Muscadelle bring to Bordeaux blends?
Flowery, grapey aromatics
43
How many individual AOPs are in Bordeaux?
39
44
What are Bordeaux's 3 regional appellations?
Bordeaux AOP
Bordeaux Superieur AOP
Cremant de Bordeaux AOP
45
What wines can be produced under Bordeaux AOP?
Red
White (dry or sweet)
Rose
Clairet
46
What wines can be produced under Bordeaux Superieur AOP?
Red
Medium sweet white wines
47
What are the aging requirements of Bordeaux Superieur red wines?
Must undergo elevage until June the year following the harvest
48
What grape dominates Bordeaux Superieur?
Merlot
49
What method is used to make Cremant de Bordeaux?
Traditional method
50
What is the minimum aging requirements for Cremant de Bordeaux?
9 months on the lees
51
What is the only IGP covering Bordeaux?
Vin de Pays de l'Atlantique
52
When was Vin de Pays de l'Atlantique created?
2016
53
What are the 5 departments of Vin de Pays de l'Atlantique?
Gironde
Charente
Charente-Maritime
Dordogne
Lot-et-Garone
54
What was the original name of Bordeaux?
Burgidala
55
When did Burgidala fall into Roman control?
56CE
56
Who renamed Burgidala to Bordeaux?
Clovis, the first King of the Franks
57
Who became Duchess of Aquitaine in 1137?
Eleanor of Aquitaine
58
What happened to Bordeaux (and Aquitaine) in 1154?
It joined the English House of Plantagent when Eleanor of Aquitaine married King Henry of England
59
When did Bordeaux (and Aquitaine) break free from English control and return to French rule?
1453 after the 100 years war
60
What was the impact of the Dutch on Bordeaux in the 1600s?
They built a series of canals known as jalles in order to drain the marshland which is now the Medoc. This allowed the gravelly, alluvial soils north of the city to resurface and is now home to the famous left bank Chateaux
61
Which producer was the first in Bordeaux to release a wine under a brand name instead of as generic Bordeaux?
Chateau Haut-Brion in 1660
62
What was the old Bordeaux protectionist measure of privelage de la descente?
Allowed Bordeaux wines a competitive advantage by prohibiting the transfer of non-Bordeaux wine by boat through the port of Bordeaux until November 11
63
What was the old Bordeaux protectionist measure of privelage de la barrique?
Allowed only Bordeaux to store and ship wines in the barrique barrel
64
When was the modern Bordeaux barrique barrel adopted?
1860s
65
What is the size of the modern Bordeaux barrique?
225-litres
66
What sort of people bought the famous Chateaux of the Medoc after the French Revolution in the 19th century?
Businessmen, bankers, and industrialists
Famously the Rothschild family
67
Who ordered the creation of 1855 Medoc and Sauternes Classifications and why?
Napoleon III
To show of France's best wine during the Paris Universal Expedition
68
What was the 1855 Medoc Classification based off?
Price of the wines at the time
69
How many Chateaux were originally classed for the 1855 Medoc and Sauternes Classifications?
57 Chateaux for the Medoc
21 Chateaux in Sauternes
70
How many Chateaux are classed today for the 1855 Medoc and Sauternes Classifications?
61 Chateaux for the Medoc
27 Chateaux for Sauternes
71
What was the only major change to occur to the 1855 Medoc Classification?
in 1973, 2nd growth Chateau Mouton Rothschild was promoted to 1st Growth
72
What are the best Bordeaux vintages since 2000?
2000
2005
2009
2010
2015
2016
2018
2019
2020
2022
73
Who was the most important export market for Bordeaux in the 2000s?
China
74
What is the place de Bordeaux?
A 3-tier system controlling the trade of wine in Bordeaux
75
What are the 3 tiers of the Place de Bordeaux?
The production tier (Chateau)
The broker tier (courtiers)
The sales tier (negocients)
76
What is the purpose of courtiers in Bordeaux?
They negotiate wine prices between buyers and sellers for a commission
77
What is the benefit of Bordeaux's En Primeur campaigns for producers?
Allows producers to manage risk and recoup production and inventory costs
78
How does Bordeaux's En Primeur campaign work?
In the spring following harvest, En Primeur tastings occur. Wines are then scored and and prices released to negocients, and then to trade and the public. Wines will often not reach the public for 2 years
79
Which Bordeaux Chateau famously opted out of the En Primeur campaign in 2012?
Chateau Latour
80
How are the majority of vines in Bordeaux trained?
On vertical trellises in the Guyot system
81
What vine training system is used in Sauternes?
Cordon training
82
What is the minimum vineyard planting density in the Medoc?
7000 vines per hectare
83
Why are canopies trained lower in the Medoc?
In order to absorb more heat reflecting off the gravel soils
84
What is the minimum vineyard planting density in Saint Emilion and Pomerol?
5500 vines per hectare
85
Why are canopies trained higher on the right bank?
Vineyards are more prone to frost, so higher training reduces the risk from frost
86
What is the benefit of de-leafing in Bordeaux?
To ward off rot and increase vineyard ventilation
87
Why is green harvesting common in Bordeaux?
In order to reduce vine vigour, producing more concentrated berries
88
How many Bordeaux estates are biodynamic?
77
89
What are the 2 types of sorting mechanisms used in Bordeaux?
Optical Shorter
Hand sorting
90
What is an Optical Sorter?
Allows a producer to tell a machine specific requirements of berry size, colour, weight, sugar, and more, and the machine will reject any grapes which do not comply to the requirements
91
How long does elevage often occur for the red grand vins of Bordeaux?
18-24 months
92
How often does racking typically occur for red Bordeaux?
Every 3 months
93
What oak is typically used for barriques?
French Limousin oak
94
What is cliquage?
A form of micro-oxygenation which occurs during elevage. This allows moderate doses of oxygen into the finished wine
95
Where are Bordeaux barriques stored?
Chai
96
What is a Chai?
A single story building used to store barriques in Bordeaux
97
When were the first official second wines released in Bordeaux?
1982
98
What fruit is used for a Chateau's second wine?
Lower quality fruit, such as that rejected from Optical Sorters or from young vines
99
What are the benefits of second wines for producers and buyers?
The provide more money for the Chateau and reduce the waste of material
They are cheaper and more approachable then the grand vins for buyers
100
What are the 2 subregions of the Medoc?
The northern Bas-Medoc and the southern Haut-Medoc
101
What is the name of the man made forest to the west of the Medoc?
Landes Forest
102
What is the benefit of the Landes Forest for Bordeaux?
It protects the region from strong, salt-bearing winds coming off the Atlantic
103
How many AOPs are there in the Medoc?
8, including Medoc AOP
104
What is the dominant grape of Medoc AOC?
Merlot
105
What are the villages of the bas-Medoc?
St-Yzans
St-Christoly
Couqueques
St Germain-d’Esteuil
Ordinance
Blaignan
Begadan
106
Where are the majority of Cru Bourgeois and Cru Artisan Chateaux located?
In the Bas-Medoc
107
Which classed growth owns the famous Cru Bourgeois Chateau Potensac?
Chateau Leoville Las Cases
108
What is the appellation covering the southern Medoc?
Haut-Medoc AOP
109
Which leading unclassified Chateau owns the strip of landing bordering the north of St-Estephe?
Chateau Sociando-Mallet
110
What are the 6 appellations within the Haut Medoc?
Saint-Estephe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Margaux
Listrac Medoc
Moulis en Medoc
111
What is the northernmost Haut Medoc appellation?
Saint-Estephe
112
What is the name of the river marking the southern boundary of Saint-Estephe?
Jalle de Breuil
113
What are the soils of Saint-Estephe?
Gravel over clay and sand
114
Which Saint Estephe Chateau faces Lafite Rothschild across the Jalle de Breuil?
Chateau Cos d’Estournel
115
How many classed growths does Saint-Estephe have?
5
116
Which Chateaux own the following Saint-Estephe based Cru Bourgeois? :
- Pez
- Ormes de Pez
Pez is owned by Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
Ormes de Pez is owned by Chateau Lynch Bages
117
Other than Pez and Ormes de Pez, what Cru Bourgeois are known for their quality in Saint Estephe?
Phelan Segur
Beau-Site
Le Boscq
Capbern
118
What is the style of Saint-Estephe?
Rustic, agressive, and sturdy with higher acidity than the other appellations
119
Which grape makes up 40% of plantings in Saint Estephe?
Merlot
120
How many hectares of vines are planted in Saint-Estephe?
1250ha
121
What are the 3 first growths of Pauillac?
Chateau Lafite Rothschild
Chateau Mouton Rothschild
Chateau Latour
122
What is the dominant soil of Pauillac?
Deep gravel coupes
123
What grape dominate Pauillac plantings?
Cabernet Sauvignon
124
Which first growths mark the northern and southern boundaries of Pauillac?
Chateau Lafite-Rothschild marks the northern boundary
Chateau Latour marks the southern boundary
125
Who bought Chateau Pichon Longueville Lalande de Comtesse in 2007?
Champagne house Louis Roederer
126
How many hectares of vines are planted in Pauillac?
1100ha
127
How many communes are within Saint-Julien?
3
128
What is the river bordering the south of Saint Julien?
Jalle du Nord
129
Who has owned Chateau Lagrange since 1983?
House of Suntory in Japan
130
How many hectares are in Saint Julien?
920ha
131
What percentage of Saint-Julien’s output comes from classed growths?
85%
132
How many hectares does Margaux cover?
1500ha
133
How many communes are within Margaux?
5
134
What are the communes of Saint Julien?
Saint-Julien-Beychevelle
Cussac-Fort-Medoc
Saint-Laurent
135
What are the communes of Margaux?
Margaux
Cantenac
Soussans
Arsac
Labarde
136
What are the soils of Margaux?
Shallow gravel croups mixed with sand, limestone, and clay
137
How much of Margaux is planted with Cabernet Sauvignon?
65%
138
How many classed growths are in Margaux?
21
139
What are the 2 leading Chateaux of Margaux?
Chateau Margaux
Chateau Palmer
140
What is the style of Margaux?
More aromatic and silky than those from further north
141
Where are Moulis AOP and Listrac AOP located?
Between Saint Julien and Margaux
142
When was Moulis AOP created?
1938
143
What are the 2 top Cru Bourgeois of Moulis AOP?
Chateau Chasse-Spleen
Chateau Poujeaux
144
When did Listrac AOP gain appellation status?
1957
145
What is the dominant grape of Moulis en Medoc?
Merlot
146
When was the Cru Artisan classification officially recognised?
2002
147
From 2005, how many producers are part of the Cru Artisan classification?
44
148
In 2023, how many producers how classified for the Cru Artisan?
33
149
From 2023, how often will the Cru Artisan classification be reviewed?
Every 5 years
150
When was the Cru Bourgeois classification first introduced in Bordeaux?
1932
151
How many properties were classified Cru Bourgeois in 1932?
444
152
What are the 3 tiers of the Cru Bourgeois classification?
Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Superieur
Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
153
As of 2020, how many chateau are classified at each tier of the Cru Bourgeois?
249 Cru Bourgeois
56 Cru Bourgeois Superieur
14 Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
154
How frequently will the Cru Bourgeois classification be reviewed?
Every 5 years
155
Where is the Graves located?
South of the city of Bordeaux along the Garonne River
156
What is the dominant soils of the Graves?
Gravel with more sand and limestone as you go further south
157
What are the 2 regional appellations for the Graves?
Graves AOP for dry red and white wines
Graves Superieur AOP for sweet white wines
158
When was the graves classification first drafted up?
1953
159
When was the graves classification finalised?
1959
160
How many chateau are currently part of the Graves Classification?
16
161
How many Graves chateau are classed for red, white, and both colours?
7 for red wine only
3 for white wine only
6 for red and white wine
162
Which 2 Graves Chateau disappeared in the 2000s?
Chateau La Tour Haut Brion in 2005
Chateau Laville Haut Brion in 2008
Both Chateau now provide fruit for wines for La Mission Haut Brion
163
Which winemaker was pushing for the creation of Pessac Leognan in the 1970s?
Andre Lurton
164
Which Bordeaux Chateau did Andre Lurton take over in 1968?
Chateau Couhins
165
When was the Pessac-Leognan appellation created?
1987
166
How many communes are within the Pessac appellation?
10
167
How many hectares of vines fall under the Pessac appellation?
1700ha
168
What percentage of Pessacs output is red?
80%
169
What are the top 2 producers of white wines in Pessac-Leognan?
Haut Brion
Domaine de Chevalier
170
What are the grapes used in Sauternes?
Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscadelle
171
What is pourriture?
Noble rot (botrytis cinerea)
172
When were the chateau of Sauternes classified?
1855
173
What are the communes within Sauternes?
Sauternes
Barsac
Bommes
Fargues
Preignac
174
How many hectares are under vine in Sauternes?
2200ha
175
What are the 2 important rivers for Sauternes?
River Garonne
River Ciron
176
How do producers harvest in Sauternes?
In tries, which are multiple walks through the vineyard
177
How many tries usually occur in Sauternes during harvest?
3-4
178
How are Sauternes wines fermented?
In barrel
179
What is the average sugar levels of Sauternes?
120-160g/l
180
What is the largest commune within Sauternes?
Barsac AOP
181
How are white wines from Bordeaux labelled?
Bordeaux AOP
182
What is considered the best dry white wine from Sauternes?
Ygrec by Chateau Yquem
183
What is the only 1er cru Superieur in Sauternes?
Chateau d’Yquem
184
How has owned Chateau d’Yquem since 1999?
LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moet and Hennessy)
185
Where is Cerons AOP located?
Just north of Barsac
186
What are the 3 communes of Cerons AOP?
Cerons
Podensac
Illats
187
What wines are produced under Cerons AOP?
Sweet wines
188
When was Cerons AOP created?
1936
189
How many appellations make up the right bank of Bordeaux?
10
190
What percentage of Bordeaux’s wines does the right bank produce?
10%
191
What is the biggest viticultural concern for the right bank of Bordeaux?
Frost
192
What soil is most widespread on the right bank?
Cool clay and calcareous clay
193
What are the dominant grapes of he right bank?
Merlot (roughly 70%)
Cabernet Franc (roughly 30%)
194
In the core right bank appellations of Bordeaux, what are white wines released as?
Bordeaux AOP
195
When was Saint Emilion designated a world heritage site?
1999
196
Which rivers does Saint Emilion lie between?
The Dordogne and Barbanne Rivers
197
How many communes can produce Saint Emilion AOP?
9
198
How many hectares are under vine in Saint Emilion?
5000ha
199
What are the cotes of Saint Emilion?
The hilled limestone plateau covering the town of Saint Emilion and surrounding vineyards
200
What are the soils of Saint Emilion near the border with Pomerol?
Shift from clay and limestone to warmer gravel
201
Which 2 famous Chateau sit on the gravel soils in Saint Emilion?
Chateau Figeac
Chateau Cheval Blanc
202
How do the soils change at the bottom of the cotes in Saint Emilion?
Soils become sandier
203
What are the 2 appellations covering Saint Emilion and when were they created?
Saint Emilion AOP created in 1936
Saint Emilion Grand Cru AOP created in 1954
204
Where are the majority of Saint Emilion Grand Crus located?
On the cotes
205
When was the Saint Emilion classification created?
1954
206
How frequently is the Saint Emilion classification supposed to be reviewed?
Every 10 years
207
What years has the Saint Emilion classification been reviewed?
1958 (it was legally enacted)
1969
1986
1996
2006
2012
2022
208
What happened after the 2006 Saint Emilion Classification revision?
A group of demoted chateau brought legal action against the revision. In 2009, the court reinstated the demoted chateau and kept the upgraded chateau. This led to an appeal process being created from the 2012 classification onwards
209
As of the 2022 classification, what are the 2 Premier Grand Cru Classe A Chateaux?
Chateau Pavie
Chateau Figeac
210
As of the 2022 classification, how many Chateau are classed in the Saint Emilion Classification?
2 Premier Grand Cru Classe A
12 Premier Grand Cru Classe B
71 Grand Cru Classe
211
Which Chateau withdrew from the Saint Emilion Classification in 2022?
Cheval Blanc
Angelus
Ausone
La Gaffeliere
212
What is the dominant grape of Pomerol?
Merlot
213
What percentages of Pomerol’s vineyards does Merlot makeup?
70%
214
Which rivers flow around Pomerol?
Isle River, Barbanne River and Dordogne River
215
What soil is Pomerol known for?
Clay, especially blue clay on the best sites
216
What are the 3 types of Pomerol and where are they found?
Sand is found at the bottom of the slopes and lower slopes
Gravel is found over clay and crasse de fer coming up the mid slopes of the plateau
Clay is found at the top of the plateau along with the best producer
217
What is the crasse de fer soil found in Pomerol?
Iron rich sand deposits
218
Which soil type is Petrus sat on?
Blue clay
219
What is the blend of the average Petrus?
100% Merlot
220
What percentage of vineyard area in Pomerol is planted to Cabernet Franc?
25%
221
Other than Petrus, name 5 top Pomerol estates
Vieux Chateau Certan (VCC)
Lafleur
Le Pin
L’Evangile
Trotanoy
Clinet
La Conseillante
Petit Villag
222
Is there a classification in Pomerol?
No
223
Where is Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac located?
North of Pomerol down the Dordogne River
224
When did the wines from Fronsac first gain a reputation?
18th and 19th century
225
Where were Fronsac wines famously served in France?
The Palace of Versailles
226
How many hectares of vines cover Fronsac and Canon-Fronsac?
1100ha
227
What river separates Fronsac from the Lalande de Pomerol?
Isle River
228
What is the dominant grape of Fronsac?
Merlot
229
How many hectares are in Canon-Fronsac?
300ha
230
What is the soil of Fronsac?
Fronsadais molasse
231
What is the soil Fronsadais molasse?
A mixture of soft limestone and clay
232
What are the 4 satellite Saint Emilion appellations?
Lussac Saint Emilion
Puisseguin Saint Emilion
Montagne Saint Emilion
Saint Georges Saint Emilion
233
How many Saint Emilion satellite appellations were originally created?
6
234
Which 2 Saint Emilion satellite appellations no longer exist and why?
Sables AOP because it was absorbed by Libourne and its vineyards included in Saint Emilion AOP
Parsac AOP disappeared in 1973 as it was absorbed by Montagne Saint Emilion
235
What is the dominant grape of the Saint Emilion satellites?
Merlot
236
What are the soils of the Saint Emilion Satellites?
A mix of gravel, clay, and limestone
237
Which Saint Emilion satellite has the highest output of wine?
Montagne Saint Emilion
238
Which Saint Emilion satellite has the highest elevation?
Puisseguin Saint Emilion
239
Where is Lalande de Pomerol?
Right bank of Bordeaux, west of Montagne Saint Emilion
240
Which river separate Lalande de Pomerol from Montagne Saint Emilion?
Barbanne River
241
What are the 2 communes of Lalande de Pomerol?
Lalande de Pomerol and Neac
242
What are the soils of Lalande de Pomerol?
Crasse de fer, though less present than on the Pomerol plateau
243
What grape dominate Lalande de Pomerol?
Merlot, covering 75% of vineyard area
244
What does Entre-Deux-Mers mean?
Between the 2 seas
245
Which rivers flow either side of the Entre-Deux-Mers?
The Dordogne and Garonne Rivers
246
When did the Entre-Deux-Mere gain its appellation for white wines?
1937
247
What grape dominates the vineyards of Entre-Deux-Mers?
Merlot, destined for Bordeaux AOP and Bordeaux Superieur AOP
248
What region does 75% of Bordeaux AOP come from?
Entre-Deux-Mers
249
What are the soils of the Entre-Deux-Mers?
Weathered limestone under cool clay and sandy clay topsoil
250
Which Entre-Deux-Mers wines are allowed to carry the Haut-Benauge designation?
Wines coming from 9 communes along the border of Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire AOP
251
What style of wines does Cotes de Bordeaux Saint Macaire AOP produce?
Dry and sweet white wines
252
Where is the Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux?
A thin ribbon of hillsides along the Garonne River
253
What wines are produced from Premieres Côte de Bordeaux?
Sweet white wines
254
What is the minimum residual sugar for Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux?
34g/l
255
What is the dominant grape if Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux?
Semillon
256
What are the 3 superior sweet wine appellation within Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux?
Cadillac
Loupiac
Saint-Croix-du-Mont
257
Where is Graves de Vader’s located?
Northeast of the Entre Deux Mers opposite Libourne
258
Where is Saint Foy AOP located?
The edge of the Entre Deux Mers before Bergerac begins
259
When was the Cotes de Bordeaux introduced?
2009
260
What are the 4 disconnected areas of the Cotes de Bordeaux?
Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux along the Garonne River
East of Saint Emilion and the Satellites
Between Entre de Mers and Bergerac
Right bank of the Gironde west of Pomerol
261
What wines are produced by the Cotes de Bordeaux?
Dry red wines based off Merlot
262
What are the 5 geographic designations permitted within the Cotes de Bordeaux?
Castillon
Francs
Cadillac
Blaye
Sainte-Foye
263
Where is Castillon located in Bordeaux?
Eastern sector of the right bank, beyond the satellites
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What wines may be produced from Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux?
Red wines only
265
Where is Francs Cotes de Bordeaux located?
Eastern section of the right bank
266
What wines may be produced from Francs Cotes de Bordeaux?
Dry red and white wines
267
Where is Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux located?
Within the Premiers Cotes de Bordeaux strip on the right bank of the Garonne
268
Which wines may be produced from the Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux?
Red wines only
269
Where is Blaye Côtes de Bordeaux located?
Covers the same parameters as Blaye AOP
270
What wines may be produced under Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux?
Dry red or white wines
271
Where is Sainte-Foye Cotes de Bordeaux located?
East of the Entre Deux Mers, bordering Bergerac
272
What wines may be produced from Sainte-Foye Cotes de Bordeaux?
Dry red or white wines
273
Where are Bourg and Blaye located?
On the right bank of the Gironde estuary, northwest of Pomerol
274
When was Bourg AOP established?
1936
275
When was Bourg AOP permitted to produce white wines?
1941
276
What grape dominates Bourg AOP?
Merlot
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What are the main soils of Bourg AOP?
Clay with gravel pockets
278
How much Malbec is planted in Bourg AOP?
10% of vineyards
279
How many hectares of vines represent Bourg AOP?
4000ha
280
What is considered the highest quality Chateau of Bourg AOP?
Chateau Roc de Cambes
281
What are the soils of Blaye AOP?
Clay and limestone
282
How many hectares of vines cover Blaye AOP?
6500ha
283
What wines may be released under Cotes de Blaye AOP?
Rare white blends based off Ugni Blanc and Colombard
284
What are the 1st growth of Bordeaux and where are they located?
Chateau Lafite Rothschild - Pauillac
Chateau Mouton Rothschild - Pauillac
Chateau Latour - Pauillac
Chateau Margaux - Margaux
Chateau Haut Brion - Pessac-Leognan
285
What is the second wine of Chateau Lafite Rothschild?
Carrudes de Lafite-Rothschild
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What is the second wine of Chateau Mouton Rothschild?
Le Petits Mouton de Mouton Rothschild
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What is the second wine of Chateau Latour?
Les Forts de Latour
288
What is the second wine of Chateau Margaux?
Pavillon Rouge de Margaux
289
What is the second wine of Chateau Haut Brion?
Les Clarence de Haut Brion
290
What are the 2nd growths of Pauillac and their second wines?
Chateau Cos d’Estournel - Les Pagodes de Cos
Chateau Montrose - La Dame de Montrose
291
What are the 2nd growths of Pauillac and their second wines?
Chateau Pichon Longueville Baron - Les Tourelles de Longueville
Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande - Reserve de la Comtesse
292
What are the 2nd growths of Saint Julien and their second wines?
Chateau Leoville Las Cases - Le Petit Lion de Marquis de las Cases
Chateau Levoille Poyferre - Chateau Moulin Riche
Chateau Leoville Barton - La Reserve de Leoville Barton
Chateau Gruard Larose - Sarget de Gruard-Larose
Chateau Ducru-Beaucaillou - La Croix de Beaucaillou
293
What are the 2nd growths and their second wines of Margaux?
Chateau Rauzan Segla - Segla
Chateau Rauzan Gassies - Chevalier de Rauzan Gassies
Chateau Dufort-Vivens - Vivens de Dufort Vivens
Chateau Lascombes - Chevalier de Lascombes
Chateau Brane-Cantenac - Baron de Brane
294
What are the 3rd Growth of Saint Estephe?
Chateau Calon Segur
295
What are the 3rd growths of Saint Julien?
Chateau Lagrange
Chateau Langoa Barton
296
What are the 3rd growths of Margaux?
Chateau Kirwan
Chateau d'Issan
Chateau Giscours
Chateau Malescot St-Exupery
Chateau Boyd-Cantenac
Chateau Cantenac Brown
Chateau Palmer
Chateau Desmirail
Chateau Ferriere
Chateau Marquis d'Alesme Becker
297
What are the 3rd growth of the Haut-Medoc?
Chateau La Lagune
298
What are the 4th growths of Saint Estephe?
Chateau Lafon rochet
299
What are the 4th growths of Pauillac?
Chateau Duhart Milon
300
What are the 4th growths of Saint Julien?
Chateau Saint Pierre
Chateau Talbot
Chateau Branaire-Ducru
Chateau Beychevelle
301
What are the 4th growths of Margaux?
Chateau Prieure Lichine
Chateau Marquis de Terme
302
What are the 4th growths of the Haut Medoc?
Chateau La Tour Carnet
303
What are the 5th growths of Saint Estephe?
Chateau Cos Labory
304
What are the 5th growths of Pauillac?
Chateau Pontet Canet
Chateau Batailley
Chateau Haut-Batailley
Chateau Grand Puy Lacoste
Chateau Grand Puy Ducasse
Chateau Lynch Bages
Chateau Lynch Moussas
Chateau d'Armaillhac
Chateau Haut Bages Liberal
Chateau Pedesclaux
Chateau Clerc Milon
Chateau Croizet-Bages
305
What are the 5th growths of Margaux?
Chateau Dauzac
Chateau du Tertre
306
What are the 5th growths of the Haut Medoc?
Chateau Belgrave
Chateau de Camensac
Chateau Cantemerle
307
What is the Premier Cru Superieur of Sauternes and its second wine?
Chateau d’Yquem - Sauternes No.2
308
What are the 1st Growths of Barsac?
Chateau Coutet
Chateau Climens
309
What are the 1st growths of Sauternes?
Chateau La Tour Blanche
Chateau Lafayette-Peyraguey
Clos Haut-Peyraguey
Chateau de Rayne Vigneau
Chateau Suduirat
Chateau Guiraud
Chateau Ruissec
Chateau Rabaud-Promis
Chateau Sigalas Rabaud
310
What are the classed Chateau of the Cadaujac commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Bousquet for red and white wine
311
What are the classed Chateau of the Leognan commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Carbonnieux - for red and white wines
Domaine de Chevalier - for red and white wines
Chateau Malartic-Lagraviere - for red and white wines
Chateau Olivier - for red and white wines
Chateau de Fieuzel - for red wines
Chateau Haut Bailey - for red wines
312
What are the classed Chateau of the Martillac commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Latour-Martillac - for red and white wines
Chateau Smith-Haut-Lafite - for red wines
313
What are the classed Chateau of the Pessac commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Haut Brion - for red wines
Chateau Pape-Clement - for red wines
314
What are the classed Chateau of the Talence commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau La Mission Haut Brion - for red wines
Chateau La Tour Haut Brion - for red wines
Chateau Laville Haut Brion - for white wines
315
What are the classed Chateau of the Villenave-d’Ornon commune in Pessac-Leognan?
Chateau Couhins - for white wine
Chateau Couhins-Lurton - for white wine
316
What are the Premiere Grand Cru Classe B wines of Saint Emilion?
Ch Beau-Sejour Becot
Chateau Beausejour (Duffau Lagarrosse)
Ch Belair-Monange
Ch Canon
Ch Canon la Gaffeliere
Clos Fourtet
La Mondotte
Ch Larcis Ducasse
Ch Pavie Macquin
Ch Troplong Mondot
Ch Trottevieille
Ch Valandraud
317
What are the best vintages for Bordeaux red wine since 1990?
1996
2000
2005
2009
2010
2016
2019
2022
318
What are the best vintages for Bordeaux white wine since 1990?
2007
2010
2021
319
What are the worst vintages for Bordeaux red wine since 1990?
1991
1992
1993
2003
2013
2017
320
What are the worst vintages for Bordeaux white wine since 1990?
1991
1997
1999
2003
2009
2015
2018
2022
