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Anatomy cardiovascular workbook > Borders, surfaces, chambers of the heart > Flashcards

Borders, surfaces, chambers of the heart Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

anterior view of the heart

A
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3
Q

posterior view of the heart

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4
Q

medial view of heart

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5
Q

heart location

A

middle mediasteinum

enclosed within pericardium

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6
Q

describe the placement of the heart

A

obliquely behind the body of the sternum and adjoining parts of costal cartilage

one third of the heart lies to the right and two thirds to the left of median plane

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7
Q

what Is the direction of blood flow from atria to ventricles

A

downwards, forwards and to left of median plane

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8
Q

what does the heart measure and weight in males and females

A

12 times 9 cm and weights about 300g in males and 250 in females

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9
Q

what are the external features of the heart

A

four chambers - right and left atria and left and right ventricles

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10
Q

where do the atria lie

A

above and behind the ventricles

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11
Q

how are atria and ventricles separated

A

atrioventricular groove

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12
Q

how are the atria separated from one another

A

interatrial groove

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13
Q

how are the ventricles separated from one another

A

interventricular groove

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14
Q

apex of heart location

A

directed downwards, forwards and to the left of base (posterior surface) directed backwards

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15
Q

three surfaces of heart

A

anterior, sternocostal, inferior and left lateral

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16
Q

borders of heart

A

upper, inferior, right and left borders

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17
Q

sulcus the divides atria and ventricles

A

coronary sulcus - divided into anterior and posterior parts

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18
Q

anterior part of coronary sulcus

A

consists of right and left halves

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19
Q

right half of anterior part of coronary sulcus

A

oblique between right auricle and right ventricle lodging right coronary artery

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20
Q

left half of anterior part of coronary sulcus

A

small between left auricle and left ventricle lodging circumflex branch of left coronary artery

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21
Q

what is coronary sulcus overlapped anteriorly by

A

ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

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22
Q

position of anterior intraventricular groove

A

nearest to left margin of heart

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23
Q

position of posterior intraventricular groove

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A

nearest to diaphragmatic surface of heart

24
Q

what is apex of heart entirely made of

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A

left ventricle

25
how is apex of heart positioned
directed downwards, forwards and to the left
26
what is apex of the heart overlapped by
anterior border of the left lung
27
where is apex of the heart located
left 5th intercostal space, 9cm lateral to the midsternal line
28
base of the heart (posterior surface of heart) is formed from what
left atrium and a small part of the right atrium
29
in relation to the base of heart what are the openings
four pulmonary veins which open into left atrium, superior and inferior vena cavae which open into right atrium
30
upper border of the heart
slightly oblique formed by two atria, chiefly left atrium
31
right border of the heart
vertical and formed by right atrium extends from SVC to IVC
32
inferior border of heart
nearly horizontal and formed by right ventricle IVC to apex
33
left border of heart
formed by left ventricle and left atrium separates anterior left surface of heart
34
anterior or sternocostal surface (surface of heart) formed by
right atrium and right ventricle and partly by left ventricle and left auricle
35
what is the sternocostal surface mostly covered by
lungs but a part lies behind cardiac notch of left lung (uncovered - dull in percussion) - area of superficial cardiac dullness
36
inferior or diaphrammatic surface
rests on the central tendon of diaphragm left 2/3 formed by left ventricle right 1/3 formed by right ventricle
37
left surface
formed mostly by left ventricle and at upper end by left auricle
38
what is the upper left surface crossed by
coronary sulcus
39
what is left surface related to
left phrenic nerve / pericardiophrenic vessels
40
crux of heart
meeting point of intertribal atrioventricular and posterior inter ventricular grooves
41
What role do the auricles have in the adult?
The lower right chamber pumps the oxygen-poor blood to your lungs through the pulmonary artery. The lungs reload blood with oxygen. Left atrium: After the lungs fill blood with oxygen, the pulmonary veins carry the blood to the left atrium. This upper chamber pumps the blood to your left ventricle
42
Fossa ovalis is the adult remnant of the foetal foramen ovale. What function did the latter perform in the foetus?
allows blood to pass from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the nonfunctional fetal lungs while the fetus obtains its oxygen from the placenta
43
What is the function of musculi pectinati in the right atrium?
The right atrium has thick and coarse pectinate muscles while these are few smooth and thinner in the left atrium - The pectinate muscle folds act as RA volume reserve during adverse loading conditions . It helps RA dilate with out much wall stress
44
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the more commonly recognized congenital cardiac anomalies presenting in adulthood. Atrial septal defect is characterized by a defect in the interatrial septum allowing pulmonary venous return from the left atrium to pass directly to the right atrium.
45
right ventricle
pulmonary trunk pulmonary valve septomarginal trabeculum (moderator band) papillary muscles chordae tendineae tricuspid valve cusp trabeculae carneae
46
What is the function of the trabeculae carneae?
serve a similar function to papillary muscles in that their contraction pulls on the chordae tendinae, preventing inversion of the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves. This prevents backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atriums.
47
What is the function of the septomarginal trabeculum (moderator band)?
band of cardiac muscle found in the right ventricle of the heart… contract the APM to prevent the tricuspid regurgitation through tension of the chordae tendineae
48
The thickness of the right ventricular wall is 3x thinner than the left ventricular wall. Why is this?
The right ventricle has thinner wall because the right ventricle only has to pump it to the lungs but left ventricle has to pump blood all the way around the body. Moreover, the blood in arteries is under higher pressure than blood in the veins
49
How many papillary muscles are found in the right ventricle? (This matches the number of cusps in the right atrioventricular valve - see the correlation?).
three papillary muscles of the right ventricle have highly variable anatomy with the anterior papillary muscle usually being the most prominent. The anterior and septal papillary muscles are connected by the moderator band
49
left ventricle / atrium
ventricle contains aortic valve bicuspid (mitral) valve papillary muscles chordae tendineae trabeculae carneae atrium received right and left pairs of pulmonary veins
50
What is the name of the atrioventricular valve that guards the entry from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
mitral valve
51
cadaveric dissection
52
how many papillary muscles are found in left ventricle
two
53
What is the function of the papillary muscles?
helping to prevent leakage through the AV valves during systole - they pull on the chordae tendinae and help to prevent prolapsing of the AV valves
54
What is the function of the chordae tendineae?
strong, fibrous connections between the valve leaflets and the papillary muscles. These are attached to the leaflets on to the ventricular side and prevent the cusps from swinging back into the atrial cavity during systole
55
ventricular septal defect
the inerventricular septum separates the left and right ventricles of the heart. if there is a hole in the wall between the two ventricles, it is called a ventricular septal defect cause is usually congenital - can also spontaneously occur in adult. genes an environment may be risk factor - may be common in children with genetic problems (downs syndrome)

Anatomy cardiovascular workbook (14 decks)

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