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1
Q

Actea (Cimicifuga) racemosa

A 
emmenagogue
anti-inflammatory/rheumatic/spasmodic
estrogen modulating
endocrine regulator
parturient

CI: not used during pregnancy except to stimulate labour, estrogen dependent tumours
caution: upper GI disorders
A/E: mild GI upset, HA, vertigo, wt gain, mastalgia, heavy feeling in legs, stimulant, vaginal bleeding

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category SD

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2
Q

Achillea millefolium

A 
Alterative
vulnerary
anti-microbial/inflammatory
astringent (hemostatic)
diaphoretic
vascular tonic
diuretic

Caution: Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC

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3
Q

Aesculus hippocastanum

A

astringent
venotonic
vasoprotective
anti-oxidant/inflammatory

CI: don’t apply on broken/ulcerated skin
A/E: mild GI complaints, dizziness, nausea, HA, pruritis
Toxicity: m/c w/ IV; hemolysis w/ KD damage

Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC

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4
Q

Agathosma (Barosma) betulina

A

anti-septic
mild diuretic

A/E: GI irritation on empty ST; urine may turn brown and develop new odour

Pregnancy category B2, lactation category CC

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5
Q

Argimonia eupatoria

A 
Astringent
diuretic
GU tonic
bitter (GIT)
anti-spasmodic

Caution: may cause hypotension in high doses and HTN in low doses
Interactions: Hypertensive, hypotensivemedications. Anti-coagulant therapy. Alkaloid containing substances.

Pregnancy:Possibly safe; Lactation: Possibly safe.

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6
Q

Agropyron repens

A

diuretic
urinary demulcent

caution: use w/ K depleting diuretics

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

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7
Q

Angelica archanglica

A

tonic - esp female
digestive
anti-inflammatory/microbial
astringent

possible photosensitivity and interaction with anti-coagulants

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8
Q

Angelica sinensis

A

anti-inflammatory/anemic/platelet/arrhythmic
female tonic
mild laxative

CI: pregnancy - esp first trimester
A/E: gynecomastia
interaction w/ Warfarin

Pregnancy category C; lactation category C

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9
Q

Arctium lappa

A

depurative
mild diuretic and laxative
bitter

caution: depuratives can cause aggravations w. skin conditions
A/E: contact dermatitis

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C

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10
Q

Althea officinalis

A

demulcent
anti-inflammatory
mild diuretic
topically - emollient, vulnerary

may slow absorption of other drugs/botanicals if taken together

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

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11
Q

Bacopa monniera

A

cognitive enhancing
nervine tonic and relaxant
mild sedative and adaptogenic
mild anti-convulsant

caution: cholestasis, Celiac dz, fat malabsorption, deficiency in vit A, D, E, K
A/E: weakness, loss of concentration, dizziness

Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C

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12
Q

Camellia sinensis

A

stimulant
astringent
diuretic

caffeine acts as sympathomimetic

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13
Q

Capsella bursa-pastoris

A

anti-haemorrhagic (astringent)
urinary anti-septic

caution w/ breastfeeding and lactation

Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC

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14
Q

Caulophyllum thalictroides

A

spasmolytic
uterine and ovarian tonic
emmenagogue
oxytocic

CI: women wishing to conceive (teratogenic), early pregnancy, lactation
caution: late pregnancy
A/E: irritation of gastric mucous membrane, CV effects, uterine stimulation
toxicology: purgative action, ataxia, terminal clonic convulsion

Pregnancy category D; lactation category X

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15
Q

Centella asiatica

A

nootropic nervine

for nervous insomnia, ENT infection, eczema, venous insufficiency

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16
Q

Chamelerium luteum

A

menstural regulatory
uterine tonic

(miscarriage prevention, infertility of deficiency)

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17
Q

Chimaphila umbellata

A

anti-microbial
renal tonic
diuretic

CI (same as uva ursi): KD dz, pregnancy, lactation, children
A/E: constipation, Fe deficiency anemia, malnutrition (b/c of tannins), irritation of mouth and GI tract
interaction: take away from oral B1, metal ions, may increase effectiveness off certain Abx

possibly safe for pregnancy and lactation

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18
Q

Cinnamomum cassia

A

diaphoretic
astringent
anti-microbial/spasmodic/diabetic
carminative

caution: pregnancy - may cause uterine stimulationsv

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19
Q

Coleus forskohlii

A 
increase cAMP and cAMP medicated functions
hypotensive
inhibits basophil and mast cell degranulation and histamine release
lower intraocular P
anti-platelete
vasodilator
bronchodialator
promotes THS
stimulates lipolysis
positive inotropic

CI: pts w/ ulcers, hypotension, bleeding disorders or on blood thinning meds
interacts: antiplatelet/anticoagulant, hypotensive, and other meds

Pregnancy category ND, lactation category ND

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20
Q

Collinsonia canadensis

A

anti-lithic/litholythic
diuretic
mild diaphoretic

pregnancy and lactation category ND

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21
Q

Damiana aphrodisiaca

A

non-stimulant libido enhancer
anxiolytic

safe, unless adulterated

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22
Q

Dioscorea villosa

A 
anti-spasmodi/inflammatory/rheumatic
nervine relaxant
osteogenic
mild diaphoretic
cholagogue

CI: long term use in pots w/ pre-existing renal dz, pregnancy (except in labour)
A/E: n/v/d

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23
Q

Echinacea spp

A 
immunomodulator
immunostimulator
depurative
anti-inflammatory
vulunery
lyphatic
sialogogue

CI: immunosuppressed pts
caution: autoimmune dz
A/E: GI upset, contact dermatitis
interaction: immunosuppressant medications

Pregnancy category A; lactation category C

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24
Q

Eleuthrococcus senticosus

A

adaptogen
immune modulating
tonic

CI: during acute phase of infection
A/E: CV conditions (insomnia, palpitations, HA, tachycardia, pericardial pain, HTN)
may increase effectiveness of some Abx

Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C

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25
Equisteum arvense
diruetic urinary astingent caution: CVD b/c it may increase K excretion safe during pregnancy; likely safe during lactation
26
Eupatorium purpureum
diuretic anti-lithic/rheumatic caution: belongs to Asteracea/Compositae family safe during pregnancy; likely safe during lactation
27
Foeniculum vulgare
carminative anti-spasmodic/microbial/oxidant galactogogue expectorant CI: sensitivity to Umbiliferae family; pregnancy interact w/ ciprofloxacin Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C
28
Galium aparine
``` diuretic depurative lymphatic/alterative anti-inflammatory astringent ``` caution: depuratives may aggravate skin conditions Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
29
Ginkgo biloba
anti-oxidant/inflammatory/platelet activating factor circulatory stimulant/angio-activator circulatory tonic vasodilator CI: sensitivity to ginkgo preparations caution: pts w/ coagulation disorders, anti-coagulant/platelet meds, surgery A/E: mild GI complaints, HA, dizziness, allergic skin rxn, palpations Pregnancy category B1; lactation category ND
30
Glycyrrhiza glabra
``` anti-inflammatory expectorant demulcent adrenal tonic adaptogen ``` CI: cholestatic, cirrhotic LV dz, HTN, hypokalemia, severe KD insufficiency, pregnancy, anorexia nervosa, edema, CHF caution: if taking in high dose - ensure on high K/low Na diet, monitor change in BP, wt gain A/E: apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome don't Rx w/ digoxin, diuretics, laxative, other K depleting drugs toxicity: pseudoaldosteronism Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
31
Humulus lupulus
sedative nervine relaxant strong hypnotic anti-spasmodic CI: depression caution: not ideal tx for depression and insomnia in the early morning A/E: contact urticaria Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC
32
Hydrangea arborescens
anti-lithic diuretic (inflame of UB, urethra, BPH, renal calculi, inflamed/enlarged prostate) pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
33
Hydrastis canadensis
anti-hemorrhagic/catarrhal/microbial/inflammatory bitter tonic depurative vulunery choleretic CI: pregnancy (except to induce labour), HTN, jaundiced neonates caution: chronic use may deplete B-vits OD: mouth, throat and gastric irritation --> convulsions Pregnancy category C; lactation category SD
34
Hypericum perforatum
anti-depressant/microbial nervine tonic nervine stimulant vulnerary CI: serious depression w/ psychotic sx, suiidal risk caution: avoid sun exposure (photosensitivity) Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC
35
avoid prescribing SJW w/...
``` immune suppressants cardiac glycosides HIV nonnucleoside revserse transcriptase inhibitors other HIV protease inhibitors chemotherapeutic drugs anti-coagulants ```
36
caution prescribing SJW w/...
``` SSRI OCP (esp low dose OCP) TCA antihistamines bensodiazepines bronchodilator HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor phenytoin photosensitizing agent ```
37
SJW is unlikely to interact w/...
``` alcohol tolbutamide carbamazepine cimetidine alprazolam dextromethorphan ```
38
Juniperus communis
anti-microbial diuretic sedative CI: compromised KD function, pregnancy, lactation caution: avoid use >6 wks A/E: topical irritant interacts w/ Li toxicity: pain near KD, urgency, dysuria, diuresis, hematuria, purplish urine, tachycardia, HTN Pregnancy category X; Lactation category**
39
Mentha piperia
``` carminative cholagoue anti-emetic/tussive/microbial/spasmodic sedative diaphoretic CI: GERD, cholecystitis, LV dz caution: lactation, gallstones, constipation, Fe def anemia, malnutrition A/E: mucosal ulceration, heartburn, anal burning, GI tract irritation b/c of tannins ``` Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC
40
Mitchella repens
``` parturient partus preparator uterine tonic alterative emmenagogue astringent diuretic ``` CI: avoid in pregnancy except in 3rd trimester
41
Panax ginseng
``` adaptogen/adrenal tonic immune modulating cardiotonic male tonic CA preventative cognition enhancing anti-inflammatory/oxidant ``` CI: acute asthma, signs of heat, acute infections caution: HTN, anxiety, insomnia A/E: risk of GAS increase w/ higher dosages interacts w/ MAO-I, warfarin Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
42
Passiflora incarnata
``` anxiolytic anti-spasmodic sedative hypnotic anodyne ``` A/E: allergic may potentiate other anxiolytics, barbiturates toxicity: visual disturbances, loss of coordination, agitation, delirium Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C
43
Piper methysticum
``` anxiolytic hypnotic anasthetic skeletal muscle relaxant mild sedative/analgesic ``` caution: Parkinson's dz A/E: feeling of intoxication, nausea, HA, CI complaints, skin rxn interactions: alcohol, central dopaimine agonist/antagonist Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC
44
Piscidia erythrina
analgesic anti-spasmoid hypnotic sedative CI: pregnancy, brandycardia, cardiac insufficiency caution: avoid w/ depression and insomnia A/E: n/v, HA Pregnancy category D; lactation category SD
45
Polygonum multiforum
nourish TCM essence (convalesence, postpartum, fertility changes, insufficient libido) caution: SP Qi dampness (aka He shou wu)
46
Poria cocos (Fu ling)
alterative digestive and urinary decongestant anti-inflammatory immune support (BPH, congestion in digestiv/urinary system)
47
Pygeum/Prunus africanum
anti-prostatic/androgen/inflammatory/oxidant/edematous A/E: GI upset Pregnancy category B2; lactation category ND
48
Rehmannia glutinosa
anti-pyretic/haemorrhagic/inflammatory adrenal tonic/adaptogen CI: damp phlegm patterns, def SP w/ dampness, def yang A/E: diarrhea, ab pain, dizziness, fatigue, palpitations Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C
49
Rubus ideaus
astringent uterine tonic parturifacient anti-diarrheal Caution: constipation, Fe def anemia, malnutrition, long term use A/E: increase irritation in GI/mouth possible additive effect w/ other tannins Pregnancy category A; lactation category C raspberry leaf
50
Salivia officinalis
anti-spasmodic/spetic/microbial/hydrotic (cooling)/inflammatory/oxidant/galactogoue carminative astringent CI: pregnancy and lactation A/E: allergic rxn toxicity: vomiting, excessive salivation, epileptic spasms w/ cyanosis Pregnancy category C; lactation category X
51
Serenoa repens
endocrine balance urinary anti-septic diuretic caution: prostate CA A/E: GI irritation, anti-coagulant activity interacts w/ Warfarin Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
52
Schisandra chinensis
hepatoprotective anti-oxidant/tussive adaptogen nervine tonic CI: early stages of cough, rash caution: pregnancy (except near birth) A/E: mild GI sx, HA Pregnancy category B1; lactation category ND
53
Smilax officinalis
tonic alterative anti-rheumatic (eczema, psoriasis, BPH, waning libido, RA) may interact and increase digitalis
54
Solidago canadensis
``` diuretic anti-inflammatory/microbial/catarrhal GU tonic - esp renal diaphoretic astringent ``` CI: allergy to Asteraceae/Compositae family Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
55
Theobroma cacao
tonic mild stimulant anti-oxidant (asthma, COPD, low-mood, stress)
56
Thuja occidentalis
anti-microbial/bacterial/viral/fungal astringent diuretic pepurative CI: pregnancy and lactation caution: avoid long term use and high doses A/E: HA toxicity: GI irritation, convulsions, hypotension, coma, death Pregnancy category D; lactation category X
57
Tribulus terrestris
``` tonic aphrodisiac estrogenic androgenic profertility ``` caution: cholestasis, Celiac dz, fat malabsorption, def of it A, D, E, K, GI irritation A/E: irritation of gastric mucous membrane and reflux Pregnancy category B3; lactation category CC
58
Trifolium pratense
anti-spasmodic/tussive/tumour estrogenic CI/caution: breast CA, endometrial proliferation, bleeding disorders A/E: dermatitis interacts w/ anti-coagulants, chemo drugs
59
Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek)
``` hypoglycemic hypolipidemic demulcent nutritive immunomodulating galactogogue anti-oxidant/androgen/inflammatory ``` CI: pregnancy caution: Celiac dz, etc may inhibit Fe absorption Pregnancy category B3; lactation category C
60
Turnera diffusa
nervine tonic aphrodisiac mild laxative (depression, anxiety, sexual inadequacy, nervous dyspepsia, constipation) Pregnancy category B2; lactation category ND
61
Urtica dioica
``` anti-rheumatic/allergic/hemorrhagic/inflam/oxidant/BHP astringent depurative alterative male tonic ``` CI: allergy caution: prostate CA A/E: urticaria Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
62
Vaccinium macrocarpon
anti-adhesinon/bacteriostatic astringent caution: Hx of Ca oxalate renal calculi, diabetes, renal insufficiency Interacts: Warfarin, omeprazole, UA dipstick results Pregnancy category A; lactation category C
63
Valeriana officinalis
anxiolytic hypnotic sedative anti-spasmodic caution: avoid w/ depression and insomnia A/E: vivid dreams toxicity: fatigue, ab cramping, chest tightness, lightheadedness, hand tremor, mydriasis Pregnancy category B1; lactation category CC
64
Verbena hastate
Diuretic menstrual regulator emmenagogue galactagogue Caution: pregnancy
65
Viburnum opulus
``` anti-spasmodic astringent hypotensive vasodialator CI: eating berries cay cause GI upset A/E: high doses may cause NS depression ``` Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
66
Viburnum prunifolium
uterine sedative anti-spasmodic/asthmatic astringent hypotensive caution: pre-existing renal calculi A/E: n/v interact w/ anti-coagulant Pregnancy category B2; lactation category CC
67
Vitex agnus-castus
prolactin inhibitor dopaminergic agonist indirectly progesterogenic galactagogue caution: avoid w/ progesterone drugs, OCP, HRT A/E: mild Gi, skin conditions interact w/ dopamine receptor antagonist, estrogenic/progesteronic meds Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C
68
Withania somnifera
nervine tonic adaptogen anti-inflammatory/anemic immunomodulator A/E: GI upset, diarrhea, vomitting interact w/ benzodiazepines Pregnancy category B1; lactation category C
69
Zanthoxylum americanum
``` circulatory tonic alterative warming silagogue (hemorrhoids, varicose vv, skin conditions of def/poor circulation, OA, neurasthenia) ```
70
Zea mays
diuretic urinary demulcent anti-inflammatory (inflame conditions of prostate and urinary systems, renal calcium, HTN) Pregnancy category B2; lactation category C
71
Zingiber officinale
carminative anit-emetic/spasmodic/inflammatory circulatory stimulant digestive stimulant CI: gallstones caution: high doses w/ blood thinning drugs, peptic ulceration A/E: mild GI rxn interaction: anti-coagulants Pregnancy category A; lactation category C

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