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Botanicals Flashcards

1
Q

Fennel is contraindicated with which drugs?

A

Cipro (reduced bioavailability)
OCPs (reduced efficacy)
Tamoxifen (phytoestrogenic)

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2
Q

Ephedra is indicated, but not safe in:

A

COPD, sinusitis, asthma

bronchodilator

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3
Q

Bitter herb contraindications:

A

ulcer, gastritis, GERD, obstruction

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4
Q

Asteracea family includes:

A 
artemisia spp (wormwood, sweet annie, mugwort)
arnica
calendula
eupatorium spp
grindelia
silybum
solidago (goldenrod)
yarrow
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5
Q

wormwood / artemisia absinthum:

A

low dose
bitter, antimicrobial
roundworm, pinworm

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6
Q

Sweet Annie / artemisia annua:

A

anti-malarial
take with iron
CI: pregnancy

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7
Q

monkshood / aconite:

A

low dose

antipyretic, sedative

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8
Q

mugwort / artemisia vulgaris:

A

emmenagogue / abortifacient (CI: preg)
BITTER
interxn w/PPIs, hypoglycemics (inc motility)

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9
Q

pleurisy root / asclepius tuberosa:

A

respiratory infx, congestion, pleurisy

CI: pregnancy, sustained use

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10
Q

yarrow / achillea mill:

A

hemostatic, bitter
skin ulcer, hemorrhage
emmenagogue, abortifacient
inc motility, antag PPIs

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11
Q

aspidosperma quebracho:

A

wet cough, dyspnea

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12
Q

astragalus:

A

adaptogen, immune mod
viral myocardiopathy
CI: acyclovir, corticosteroids
exacerbate AI & acute infx

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13
Q

belladonna:

A 
atropine, tropane alkaloids
spasmolytic
spastic conditions
CI: long term, high dose 
hot as hare, red as beet, dry as bone, blind as bat, mad as hatter
interxn: anticholinergic, amitriptyline
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14
Q

oat / avena sativa:

A

nervine, hypolipidemic
inflamed skin
fatigue, anxiety, hyperlipidemia

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15
Q

black cohosh / cimicifuga (actea race):

A

uterine tonic, pituitary/estrogen mimetic
PMS, dysmenorrhea, menopause,
advFX: sedative, bradycardia, hypotension

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16
Q

brahmi / bacopa monnieri:

A

analgesic
poor memory, epilepsy
Induces CYP450
Interxn: sedatives (potentiates)

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17
Q

indigo / baptisia tinctoria:

A

immune stim, antimicrobial, anti-catarrhal

URI, catarrhal infx

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18
Q

oregon grape / mahonia:

A

bitter, alterative, chronic skin dz
GI, skin, UTI
Interxn: PPIs

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19
Q

barberry / berberis vulgaris:

A

cholagogue, choleretic
chronic hepatitis, liver dz, gallstones
CI: hyperbilirubinemia

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20
Q

frankincense / boswellia:

A

anti-inflammatory

asthma, OA, RA

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21
Q

white bryony / begonia:

A

pain, rheumatism

TOPICAL

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22
Q

marigold / calendula:

A

vulnerably

dermatitis, wounds, skin ulceration

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23
Q

tea / camellia sinensis:

A

infx, preventive (CA, cavities, memory), stimulant

interxn: red iron absorption, antag sedatives

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24
Q

marijuana / cannabis sativa:

A

cancer, glaucoma, pain

CI: schizophrenia

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25
shepherd's purse / cappella bursa-pastors:
styptic | menorrhagia, metrorrhagia
26
cayenne / capsicum frutescens:
diabetic neuropathy, pruritus, OA, RA, capillary atony | CI: pregnancy
27
senna / cassia spp:
cathartic, atonic constipation safe while lactating interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza
28
blue cohosh / caulophylum thalictroides:
uterine tonic
29
ceanothus americanus:
splenomegaly | interxn: anticoagulants
30
gotu kola / centella asiatica:
nervine, venotonic | insomnia, dementia, poor memory, chronic venous insufficiency
31
false unicorn / chamaelirium luteum:
uterine tonic
32
greater celandine / chelidonium:
warts, prevent gall stones
33
fringe tree / chionanthus virginicus:
cholagogue, alterative | liver and gallbladder dysfunction
34
cineraria (centaurium) marítima:
anti-cataract, TOPICAL CI: internal use advFX: hepatoveno-occlusive dz, liver failure, death
35
cinnamon / cinnamomum:
astringent, carminative | hemorrhage, dyspepsia
36
coleus forskolii:
vasodilator asthma, dilated cardiomyopathy interxn: cardiac glycosides, anticoags, antihistamines, hypoglycemics
37
guggul / commiphora mukul:
hypolipidemic
38
myrrh / commiphora myrrha:
antimicrobial | excess mucus
39
lily of the valley / convallaria majalis:
CHF, atrial arrhythmia advFX: green halo effect interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza
40
horse chestnut / aesculus hippocastanum:
venotonic, astringent varicose veins, hemorrhoids, DVT highly toxic fruit
41
cayenne / capsicum:
DM neuropathy, OA, RA, capillary atony | CI: pregnancy
42
aloe vera gel:
burns, wounds, gastritis | vulnerary
43
cordyceps sinensis:
bronchodilator, anti-CA | anemia, protects bone marrow
44
corydalis spp:
strong analgesic, sedative | pain, angina, arrhythmias
45
hawthorn / crataegus:
cardiotonic cardiac weakness interxn: b blockers (may cause HTN)
46
turmeric / curcuma:
anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic | CA, OA, RA, inflammation, NSAID-induced ulcers
47
artichoke / cynara:
hypolipidemic, bitter | poor digestion
48
datura:
spasmolytic asthma, smooth muscle spasm interxn: anticholinergics, tricyclic amitriptyline
49
foxglove / digitalis:
CHF (stimulant, ionotrope, neg chronotrope) advFX: green halo, death interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza
50
wild yam / dioscorea:
spasmolytic | dysmenorrhea, PMS
51
echinacea:
immune stimulant URI interxn: corticosteroids
52
Siberian ginseng / eleutherococcus:
adaptogen CA, chronic inflammation, Addison's interxn: corticosteroids
53
ma huang / ephedra:
adrenergic agonist, bronchodilator bronchitis, asthma OD: sympathomimetic (n/v, vertigo, sweat, tremor) interxn: sympathomimetics, MAOI, methylphenidate
54
horse tail / equisetum:
aquaretic urolithiasis, edema interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza
55
poppy / eschscholzia:
hypnotic | neuralgia, insomnia
56
eucalyptus:
antimicrobial, counter-irritant | OA, RA, URI
57
boneset / eupatorium perfoliatum:
diaphoretic pain from cough advFX: hepatic failure, HVOD
58
gravel root / eupatorium purpureum:
anti-lithic urolithiasis advFX: hepatic failure, HVOD
59
eye bright / euphrasia:
anti-inflammatory | opthalmias
60
fennel / foeniculum:
carminative, galactagogue | infant colic, insufficient lactation
61
kelp / fucus:
iodine | hypothyroid, goiter, rheumatism
62
cleavers / gallium aparine:
aquaretic | nodular growths, lymphadenitis
63
reishi / ganoderma lucidum:
adaptogen insomnia interxn: corticosteroids
64
gelsemium:
anodyne | insomnia, nervous unrest
65
gentiana:
bitter | poor digestion
66
geranium:
styptic | menorrhagia, hemorrhoid, diarrhea
67
ginkgo:
vasodilator | intermittent claudication, cerebrovascular insufficiency
68
licorice / glycyrrhiza:
adaptogen Addisons advFX: pseudoaldosteronism interxn: corticosteroids, diuretics
69
grindelia:
respiratory stimulant | asthmatic breathing
70
gymnema:
DM, hypercholesterolemia
71
witch hazel/hamamelis virginiana:
styptic, astringent | varicose veins, mild hemorrhage
72
devil's claw / harpagophytum:
anti-rheumatic, bitter | OA, RA, rheumatism
73
hops / humulus lupulus:
hypnotic, nervine, bitter insomnia, restlessness advFX: gynecomastia, low libido, depression
74
hydrangea:
anti-lithic, renal sedative | urolithiasis
75
goldenseal / hydrastis:
bitter, "king of mucus membranes" catarrh, poor digestions advFX: displaces bilirubin from albumin
76
hyoscyamus:
spasmolytic, LOW DOSE smooth muscle spasms, delirium, schizophrenia CI: sustained use, high dose interxn: anticholinergics, amitriptyline
77
st johns wort / hypericum:
antidepressant depression advFX: photosensitivity rash induces CYP450 3A4
78
elecampane / inula:
expectorant, antitussive | any cough
79
blue flag / iris versicolor:
alterative | biliary insufficiency, mild hepatitis, thyroid enlargement
80
black walnut / juglans nigra:
antiparasitic/helminthic | parasites, worms
81
juniperus:
bitter, antimicrobial, diuretic lower UTI, renal atonic CI: pregnancy
82
chaparral / larrea tridentata:
anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antineoplastic CA, infx inhibits CYP450
83
motherwort / leonurus:
palpitation, hyperthyroidism
84
leptandra virginica:
hepatotonic, bitter | poor digestion, hepatitis, liver congestion
85
osha / ligusticum porteri:
antimicrobial | URI / LRI
86
ligustrum lucidum:
adaptogen high cholesterol, chemo adjunct interxn: corticosteroids
87
flax / linum usitatissimum:
demulcent, laxative | constipation, URI, hormone imbalance
88
tobacco / lobelia inflata:
stimulant expectorant | wet/spasmodic cough, asthma
89
lomatium dissectum:
antiviral | viral URI
90
bugleweed / lycopus:
thyroid suppressant | hyperthyroidism
91
matricaria chamomila:
anti-inflammatory, vulnerary, carminative wounds, gastritis, anxiety interxn: sedatives
92
alfalfa / medicago sativa:
phytoestrogen | hyper/hypoestrogenism
93
tea tree / melaleuca:
anti fungal | dermatophytosis
94
lemon balm / melissa:
carminative, nervine | hyperthyroidism
95
peppermint / menthe piperita:
carminative | non-ulcer dyspepsia, flatus, IBS/D, maldigestion
96
mitchella repens:
uterine tonic | dysmenorrhea
97
bitter melon / momordica charantia:
hypoglycemic | DM
98
olive / olea europa:
cardio protective | HTN, hyperlipidemia
99
ginseng / panax:
adaptogen CA, infx, AI dz, fatigue, stress interxn: immune drugs (abx, vax, tamoxifen)
100
passionflower / passiflora:
hypnotic, anxiolytic | interxn: SSRI, MAOI, sedative, antihistamines, bentos, opiates
101
yohimbe / pausinystalia:
aphrodisiac, stimulant impotence CI: schizophrenia interxn: alpha-blockers, sympathomimetics
102
poke root / phytolacca:
lymphatic | lymphadenopathy
103
kava / piper methysticum:
anxiolytic, nervine neuralgia interxn: potentiates antipsychotics, benzos
104
jamaican dogwood / piscaria:
anodyne insomnia, pain interxn: sedatives, antihistamines, barb/benzos, opiates
105
plantain / plantago:
vulnerably | dermatitis, lower UTI
106
podophyllum:
antineoplastic CA CI: internal use / death
107
black cherry / prunus serotina:
spasmodic cough
108
prunus (pygeum) africanum:
prostatic tonic | BPH, chronic prostatitis
109
pulsatilla:
sedative | pain
110
quercus rubra:
astringent | weeping eczema, hemorrhoids, diarrhea
111
rauwolfia:
systemic vasodilator, anti-arrhythmic | HTN
112
rhamnus frangula:
cathartic atonic constipation interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza
113
rhodiola:
adaptogen suppressed immune, CA, depression interxn: inhibits CYP450, antagonizes immune suppression; potentiates SSRI, MAOI, sedatives, barb/benzos, opiates
114
castor bean / ricinus:
inflammation modulator, cathartic (internal) dysmenorrhea, PMS, colic, atonic constipation (int) interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza
115
rosemary / rosmarinus:
circulator stimulant, carminative | myalgia, cerebrovascular insufficiency
116
raspberry / rubus idaeus:
parturifacient, uterine tonic | prep for labor
117
yellow dock / rumex crispus:
chronic skin conditions, acne | interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza
118
willow / salix alba:
anti-inflammatory, analgesic | pain, OA, RA
119
sage / salvia:
antimicrobial menopausal hot flashes CI: lg doses
120
elderberry / sambucus nigra:
diaphoretic, inflammation modulator flower: fever, pharyngitis, tonsillitis berry: URI, flu, neuralgia
121
bloodroot / sanguinaria:
escharotic | cervical dysplasia, BCC, SCC
122
schisandra chinensis:
adaptogen liver damage, fatigue, depression interxn: inhibits CYP450
123
scutellaria baicalensis:
anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-CA | CA, OA, RA
124
scutellaria lateriflora:
hypnotic, anxiolytic | insomnia, anxiety
125
cereus / selenicereus grandiflorus (cactus):
anti-arrhythmic, diuretic | arrythmia, palpitation, CHF
126
saw palmetto / serenoa repens:
prostatic tonic | BPH
127
milk thistle / silybum marianum:
hepatoprotective | hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver
128
sarsaparilla / smilax:
alterative, anti-inflammatory | chronic dermatitis, OA, RA, gout
129
goldenrod / solidago:
anti-catarrhal, diuretic | cystitis, urethritis, dysuria
130
comfrey / symphytum:
demulcent, vulnerably wounds, lung / GI inflammation advFX: hepatic failure, HVOD
131
feverfew / tanacetum parthenium:
inflammation modulator, carminative | migraine
132
tansy / tanacetum vulgare:
parasites, worms | CI: large dose
133
dandelion / taraxacum:
diuretic, hepatoprotective, bitter | UTI, urolithiasis, poor digestion
134
cocoa tree / theobroma cacao:
stimulant | bronchial spasm, HTN, anxiety
135
cedar / thuja:
diuretic incontinence, enuresis, GU catarrh CI: large dose
136
thyme / thymus vulgaris:
antimicrobial | gastroenteritis
137
linden / tilea europa:
vasodilator, nervine | anxiety, restlessness, migraine, HTN
138
tribulus terrestris:
sex hormone enhancer | infertility, CAD
139
red clover / trifolium pratense:
phytoestrogen | hyper/hypoestrogenism, menopause
140
colt's foot / tussilago:
relaxing expectorant dry cough, sinusitis advFX: hepatic failure, HVOD
141
slippery elm / ulmus fulva:
demulcent | GI inflammation, lower UTI, sore throat
142
nettle / urtica dioica:
diuretic, nephro-protective, prostatic tonic | OA, RA, lower UTI, BPH
143
old man's beard / usnea:
antimicrobial | infx
144
blueberry / vaccinium myrtillus:
vision, veins, UTI diabetic retinopathy, diarrhea, constipation, DM (leaf)
145
valeriana:
hypnotic insomnia, anxiety interxn: sedatives
146
veratrum album:
HTN | CI: extremely toxic
147
mullein / verbascum thapsus:
demulcent, anti-tussive | AOM, otitis externa, any cough
148
blue vervain / verbena:
hepatitis
149
cramp bark / viburnum:
spasmolytic | dysmenorrhea, PMS, smooth muscle spasm
150
periwinkle / vinca major/minor:
hypotensive | menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, severe HTN
151
mistletoe / viscum:
hypotensive, anti-tumor | CA, HTN
152
chaste tree / vitex:
pituitary balance, uterine tonic | dysmenorrhea, PMS, hyperprolactinemia, hypoprogesteronism
153
ashwaganda / withania somnifera:
adaptogen, immune modulator chronic stress, nervous exhaustion, anxiety interxn: corticosteroids
154
ginger / zingiber:
digestive stimulant, carminative, anti-emetic, anti-inflammatory motion sickness, inflammation, maldigestion
155
yarrow / achillea:
hemostatic, bitter passive hemorrhage, poor digestion CI: large dose, pregnancy
156
onion, garlic / allium:
anti-atherosclerotic | hypercoagulation, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia
157
aloe vera latex:
cathartic atonic constipation interxn: diuretics, corticosteroids, glycyrrhiza
158
marshmallow / althea:
demulcent root: GI - gastritis, ulcer, IBS leaves: respiratory, GU - pharyngitis, cough, IC, UTI
159
dong quai / angelica sinensis:
uterine tonic amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea CI: menorrhagia
160
burdock / arctium lappa:
alterative, bitter, hepatoprotective | skin conditions, poor digestion
161
bearberry / uva ursi:
urinary antiseptic and sedative | alkaline UTI
162
arnica:
vulnerably bruises CI: internal use
163
CI with diuretics, corticosteroids, and glycyrrhiza:
``` senna convallaria digitalis equisetum rhamnus ricinus (castor) rumex crispus aloe latex ```
164
Which interact with corticosteroids?
``` echinacea eleutherococcus senticosus ganoderma ligustrum lucidum panax ginseng withania ```
165
Which botanicals interact with sedatives?
``` May potentiate: * bacopa * chamomila * scutellaria bai * valariana Antagonize: * camellia ```
166
Botanicals that induce CYP450:
bacopa | hypericum
167
Botanical that inhibit CYP450:
larrea | rhodiola
168
CI in pregnancy:
``` achillea aconite actea racemosa (1st trimester) artemisia spp capsicum juniperus mahonia (late) ```
169
CI in lactation:
aconite artemisia spp actea racemosa (lg doses)
170
CI in large doses:
``` achillea artemisia absinthum belladonna hyoscyamus salvia tanacetum thuja ```
171
Can cause HVOD / hepatic failure:
cineraria eupatorium spp symphytum tussilago
172
CI due to bitter stimulation:
``` arctium berberis spp cynara gentiana harpagophytum humulus hydrastis taraxacum ```
173
CI in schizophrenia:
cannabis | yohimbe
174
CI in menorrhagia:
angelica sinensis (dong quai)
175
CI for internal use:
``` arnica bryony cineraria podophyllum veratrum album ```
176
Reduces iron absorption:
camellia sinensis
177
Antagonizes anticoagulants:
ceanothus americanus
178
AdvFX: Yellow-green halo
convallaria | digitalis
179
Interacts with TCAs (amitriptyline):
belladonna datura hyoscyamus

NPLEX 2 (5 decks)

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