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From Flashcardlet > Botany > Flashcards

Botany Flashcards

A comprehensive set of all terms related to the AP Biology chapter Botany.

0
Q

spores

A

haploid cells produced by sporophyte

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1
Q

sporophyte

A

diploid plant

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2
Q

gametophytes

A

small male and female haploid plants

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3
Q

fertilization

A

gametes are united through this

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4
Q

flower

A

reproductive shoot of flowering plants(angiosperms)

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5
Q

sterile

A

sepals and petals are ______

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6
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive part in a flower

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7
Q

carpel/pistil

A

female reproductive parts in a flower

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8
Q

complete flowers

A

flowers that have all 4 floral parts (sepals, petals, stamens, carpels)

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9
Q

incomplete flowers

A

flowers missing at least one floral part

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10
Q

perfect flowers

A

flowers that have both stamens and carpels

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11
Q

imperfect flowers

A

flowers that are missing either stamens or carpels

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12
Q

monoecious plants

A

plant in which the male and female reproductive parts are found on the same individual plant

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13
Q

dioecious plants

A

plant in which the male and female reproductive parts are found on separate plants

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14
Q

microsporangia

A

pollen sacs

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15
Q

megasporangia

A

female; form in ovary

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16
Q

pollination

A

the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

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17
Q

self-incompatibility

A

plant rejects its own pollen for reproductive purposes

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18
Q

seed coat

A

hard; protects the seed

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19
Q

radicle

A

root of the embryo in a seed

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20
Q

hypocotyl

A

the part of the seed below the point at which the cotyledons are attached

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21
Q

epicotyl

A

the portion of the embryonic axis above the cotyledons

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22
Q

pericarp

A

thickened wall of fruit

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23
Q

simple fruits

A

fruit derived from a single carpel, or fused carpels; can be fleshy or dry

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24
Q

aggregate fruit

A

fruit that results from a single flower that has several separate carpels; each forms small “fruit”

25
Q

multiple fruit

A

fruit that develops from a group of separate flowers tightly clustered together

26
Q

dormancy

A

seed matures, dehydrates, and enters ________, where it’s growth and development suspends

27
Q

vegetative reproduction

A

a kind of asexual reproduction where offspring are mature vegetative fragments from the parent plant

28
Q

fragmentation

A

the separation of a parent plant into parts that re-form whole plants

29
Q

apomixis

A

the asexual production of seeds

30
Q

grafting

A

a twig/bud from one plant are attached to another through _________

31
Q

transgenic

A

genetically modified organisms engineered to express a gene from another species

32
Q

artificial selection

A

favorable traites are selected for by using selective breeding tactics

33
Q

root pressure

A

force pushing water up the plant, against gravity

34
Q

transpirational pull

A

The movement of water out of the leaf “pulls” water upward through the vascular system of all the way from the roots

35
Q

symplastic movement

A

water movement simply through the cytosol or cytoplasm

36
Q

apoplastic movement

A

water movement around teh cell

37
Q

Casparian Strip

A

band of cell wall material, chemically different from the rest of the cell wall, that is used to block the passive flow of materials.

38
Q

aquaporins

A

a transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane

39
Q

Macronutrients

A

nutrients required by plants in relatively large amounts

40
Q

micronutrients

A

nutrients that are needed in very small quantities

41
Q

mutual

A

both parties benefit from the relationship

42
Q

phloem sap

A

sap that can flow both ways

43
Q

xylem sap

A

sap that transports water and minerals upward from roots to shoots

44
Q

adhesion

A

occurs when water forms hydrogen bonds with xylem walls

45
Q

cohesion

A

occurs when water molecules hydrogen bond with each other

46
Q

transpiration

A

the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants

47
Q

epiphytes

A

grow on other plants, but do not harm their host

48
Q

parasitic plants

A

plants that absorb water, minerals, and sugars from their host

49
Q

carnivorous plants

A

plants that are photosynthetic, but supplement their mineral diet with insects and small animals. Found in nitrogen poor soils

50
Q

principle of allocation

A

a compromise between survival, growth, and reproduction

51
Q

apical meristems

A

add primary growth and cause the stem to increase in length

52
Q

lateral meristems

A

add secondary growth and cause the plant to increase in girth

53
Q

imbition

A

the uptake of water by the dry seed

54
Q

tropism

A

the turning or bending movement of an organism or a part toward or away from an external stimulus such as light, heat, or gravity

55
Q

bulk flow

A

moving things in large quantities

56
Q

photochromes

A

light receptors

57
Q

photoperiodism

A

the physiological response of organisms to the length of day or night

58
Q

short-day plants

A

flower when night exceeds a critical dark period

59
Q

long-day plants

A

flower only if the night is shorter than a critical dark period

60
Q

geotropism

A

turning or growth movement by a plant or fungus in response to gravity

61
Q

halophytes

A

plants that survive in salt water

From Flashcardlet (10 decks)

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