Botany - Ch.2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
The three main types of plant tissue?
Structural
Vascular
Meristematic
Four types of structural tissue?
Epidermal
Parenchyma
Cork
Support and Strengthening
Two types of vascular tissue?
Xylem
Phloem
One of the most important types of meristematic tissue?
Cambium Tissue
Three types of venation?
Parallel
Pinnate
Palmate
The parts of a plant cell that separate its contents from the surrounding environment?
Cell membrane
Cell wall
The part of a plant cell that controls the cells activities?
Nuclear
The structures in a plant cell that carry out photosynthesis?
Chloroplasts
Two examples of special leaves?
Tendrils
Spines
Or Insect-trapping leaves
How are sessile leaves different from ordinary leaves?
Ordinary leaves have petioles, whereas sessile leaves do not.
How are simple leaves different from compound leaves?
Simple leaves have only one blade per petiole.
Compound leaves have more than one blade per petiole.
What is the purpose of cork tissue?
To protect and waterproof the stem.
What is the purpose of parenchyma tissue?
To make and store food.
Explain the function of Xylem and Phloem tissue?
Xylem tissue transports water and dissolved minerals upward to the leaves.
Phloem tissue transports food manufactured in the leaves downward to the rest of the plant.
Explain the purpose of a leaf’s epidermis?
To provide covering and protection for both the upper and lower leaf surfaces.
What is the purpose of leaf veins?
The veins contain vascular tissue and transport food, sap, and minerals throughout the leaf. (They also serve as “girders” that strengthen the leaf.)
State the purpose of vacuoles?
To store food materials, fluid substances, and minerals.
What causes leaves to turn different colors in autumn?
When the abscission layer forms, the chlorophyll in the leaf begins to deteriorate, allowing other pigments that had previously been hidden by chlorophyll to become visible.
How to guard cells help conserve water?
When water is being lost faster than it can be replenished, the guard cells lose turgor pressure and close the stomata. This reduces the rate of transpiration and water loss, helping to conserve water.
Why is the concept of the “simple cell” not valid?
A single cell is like a tiny self-contained city with its own power plants, chemical factories, food warehouses, waste disposal facilities, and transportation networks, all directed automatically by programs in the cell’s control center.
Give a simple overview of the process of photosynthesis.
The plant uses the energy of the sun to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen; the hydrogen is combined with carbon dioxide from the air to form glucose, a simple sugar.
What are some factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis? Which can be considered the most important?
The primary factors are the amount f water available, the temperature, and the intensity of the sunlight. Light intensity is considered the most important factor.
Four ways in which leaves may be arranged on a stem?
Opposite
Alternate
Whorled
Rosette
